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vapier 06/09/03 05:02:44 |
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|
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Added: handbook-ia64.xml hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml |
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hb-install-ia64-disk.xml hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml |
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hb-install-ia64-medium.xml |
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Log: |
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initial import of ia64 handbook |
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|
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Revision Changes Path |
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1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/handbook-ia64.xml |
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|
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file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/handbook-ia64.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
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plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/handbook-ia64.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
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|
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Index: handbook-ia64.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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|
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/handbook-ia64.xml,v 1.1 2006/09/03 05:02:44 vapier Exp $ --> |
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|
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<book link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-ia64.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux/IA64 Handbook</title> |
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|
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<values> |
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<key id="arch">IA64</key> |
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<key id="kernel-version">2.6.17-r5</key> |
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<key id="kernel-name">kernel-2.6.17-gentoo-r5</key> |
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<key id="genkernel-name">kernel-genkernel-ia64-2.6.17-gentoo-r5</key> |
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<key id="genkernel-initrd">initramfs-genkernel-ia64-2.6.17-gentoo-r5</key> |
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<key id="min-cd-name">install-ia64-minimal-2006.1.iso</key> |
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<key id="min-cd-size">52</key> |
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<key id="release-dir">releases/ia64/2006.1/</key> |
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<key id="online-book">handbook-ia64.xml</key> |
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</values> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="swift@g.o">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="uberlord@g.o">Roy Marples</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="drobbins@g.o">Daniel Robbins</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="chouser@g.o">Chris Houser</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="jerry@g.o">Jerry Alexandratos</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo x86 Developer"> |
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<mail link="seemant@g.o">Seemant Kulleen</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo Alpha Developer"> |
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<mail link="taviso@g.o">Tavis Ormandy</mail> |
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</author><!-- Does not want to be listed on the rendered page |
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<author title="Gentoo Developer"> |
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Aron Griffis |
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</author> |
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--> |
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<author title="Gentoo AMD64 Developer"> |
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<mail link="jhuebel@g.o">Jason Huebel</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo HPPA developer"> |
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<mail link="gmsoft@g.o">Guy Martin</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo IA64 developer"> |
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<mail link="plasmaroo@g.o">Tim Yamin</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo PPC developer"> |
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<mail link="pvdabeel@g.o">Pieter Van den Abeele</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo SPARC developer"> |
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<mail link="blademan@g.o">Joe Kallar</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Gentoo * developer"> |
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<mail link="vapier@g.o">Mike Frysinger</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="zhen@g.o">John P. Davis</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor">Pierre-Henri Jondot</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="stocke2@g.o">Eric Stockbridge</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="rajiv@g.o">Rajiv Manglani</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="seo@g.o">Jungmin Seo</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="zhware@g.o">Stoyan Zhekov</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="jhhudso@g.o">Jared Hudson</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="peitolm@g.o">Colin Morey</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="peesh@g.o">Jorge Paulo</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="carl@g.o">Carl Anderson</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="avenj@g.o">Jon Portnoy</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="klasikahl@g.o">Zack Gilburd</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="jmorgan@g.o">Jack Morgan</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="bennyc@g.o">Benny Chuang</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="erwin@g.o">Erwin</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="kumba@g.o">Joshua Kinard</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="redhatter@g.o">Stuart Longland</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="dertobi123@g.o">Tobias Scherbaum</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="neysx@g.o">Xavier Neys</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Reviewer"> |
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<mail link="g2boojum@g.o">Grant Goodyear</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Reviewer"> |
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<mail link="gerrynjr@g.o">Gerald J. Normandin Jr.</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Reviewer"> |
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<mail link="dberkholz@g.o">Donnie Berkholz</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Reviewer"> |
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<mail link="antifa@g.o">Ken Nowack</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Contributor"> |
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<mail link="pylon@g.o">Lars Weiler</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This is the Gentoo Handbook, an effort to centralise Gentoo/Linux information. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>7.0</version> |
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<date>2006-08-30</date> |
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|
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<part> |
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<title>Installing Gentoo</title> |
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<abstract> |
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In this part you learn how to install Gentoo on your system. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>About the Gentoo Linux Installation</title> |
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<abstract> |
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This chapter introduces you to the installation approach documented in this |
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part. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-about.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Choosing the Right Installation Medium</title> |
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<abstract> |
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You can install Gentoo in many ways. This chapter explains how to install Gentoo |
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using the minimal Installation CD although installation through the Universal |
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Installation CD is possible as well. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-ia64-medium.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring your Network</title> |
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<abstract> |
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To be able to download the latest source code, you will need to setup |
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networking. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-network.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Preparing the Disks</title> |
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<abstract> |
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To be able to install Gentoo, you must create the necessary partitions. |
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This chapter describes how to partition a disk for future usage. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-ia64-disk.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Installing the Gentoo Installation Files</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Gentoo installs work through a stage3 archive. In this chapter we |
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describe how you extract the stage3 archive and configure Portage. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-stage.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Installing the Gentoo Base System</title> |
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<abstract> |
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After installing and configuring a stage3, the eventual result is that you |
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have a Gentoo base system at your disposal. This chapter describes how |
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to progress to that stadium. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-system.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring the Kernel</title> |
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<abstract> |
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The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter |
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explains how to configure your kernel. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring your System</title> |
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<abstract> |
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You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
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you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
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proceed. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-config.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Installing Necessary System Tools</title> |
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<abstract> |
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As mentioned before, Gentoo is about choices. In this chapter we help you |
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choose and install some important tools. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-tools.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring the Bootloader</title> |
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<abstract> |
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The ia64 architecture uses the elilo bootloader. |
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This chapter explains how to install and configure elilo. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Finalizing your Gentoo Installation</title> |
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<abstract> |
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You're almost done. We'll just create one (or more) users for your |
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system. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-finalise.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Where to go from here?</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Now you have your Gentoo system, but what's next? |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-install-next.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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</part> |
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|
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<part> |
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<title>Working with Gentoo</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Learn how to work with Gentoo: installing software, altering variables, changing |
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Portage behaviour etc. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>A Portage Introduction</title> |
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<abstract> |
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This chapter explains the "simple" steps a user definitely needs to know to |
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maintain the software on his system. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-working-portage.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>USE flags</title> |
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<abstract> |
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USE-flags are a very important aspect of Gentoo. In this chapter, you learn to |
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work with USE-flags and understand how USE-flags interact with your system. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-working-use.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Portage Features</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Discover the features Portage has, such as support for distributed compiling, |
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ccache and more. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-working-features.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Initscripts</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Gentoo uses a special initscript format which, amongst other features, allows |
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dependency-driven decisions and virtual initscripts. This chapter explains all |
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these aspects and explains how to deal with these scripts. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-working-rcscripts.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Environment Variables</title> |
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<abstract> |
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With Gentoo you can easily manage the environment variables for your system. |
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This chapter explains how you do that, and also describes frequently used |
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variables. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-working-variables.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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</part> |
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|
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<part> |
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<title>Working with Portage</title> |
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<abstract> |
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"Working with Portage" provides an in-depth coverage of Portage, Gentoo's |
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Software Management Tool. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Files and Directories</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Once you want to know Portage in-depth you need to know where it stores its |
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files and data. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-portage-files.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring through Variables</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Portage is completely configurable through various variables you can set in the |
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configuration file or as environment variable. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-portage-configuration.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Mixing Software Branches</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Gentoo provides software separated in several branches, depending on stability |
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and architectural support. "Mixing Software Branches" inform you how these |
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branches can be configured and how you can override this separation |
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individually. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-portage-branches.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Additional Portage Tools</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Portage comes with a few extra tools that might make your Gentoo experience even |
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better. Read on to discover how to use dispatch-conf and other tools. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-portage-tools.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Diverting from the Official Tree</title> |
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<abstract> |
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"Diverting from the Official Tree" gives you some tips and tricks on how to use |
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your own Portage tree, how to synchronise only the categories you want, inject |
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packages and more. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-portage-diverttree.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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</part> |
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|
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<part> |
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<title>Gentoo Network Configuration</title> |
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<abstract>A comprehensive guide to Networking in Gentoo.</abstract> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Getting Started</title> |
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<abstract> |
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A guide to quickly get your network interface up and running in most common |
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environments. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-start.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Advanced Configuration</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Here we learn about how the configuration works - you need to know this |
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before we learn about modular networking. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-advanced.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Modular Networking</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Gentoo provides you flexible networking - here you are told about choosing |
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different DHCP clients, setting up bonding, bridging, VLANs and more. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-modules.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Wireless Networking</title> |
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<abstract> |
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Wireless isn't straight-forward. Hopefully we'll get you working! |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-wireless.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Adding Functionality</title> |
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<abstract> |
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If you're feeling adventurous, you can add your own functions to networking. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-functions.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Network Management</title> |
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<abstract> |
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For laptop users or people who move their computer around different networks. |
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</abstract> |
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<include href="hb-net-management.xml"/> |
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</chapter> |
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</part> |
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|
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</book> |
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|
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|
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|
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1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml |
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|
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file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
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plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
454 |
|
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Index: hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml |
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=================================================================== |
457 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
458 |
<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
459 |
|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
461 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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|
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-bootloader.xml,v 1.1 2006/09/03 05:02:44 vapier Exp $ --> |
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|
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<sections> |
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|
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<version>7.1</version> |
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<date>2006-08-30</date> |
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|
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<section> |
471 |
<title>Installing elilo</title> |
472 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
475 |
On the IA64 platform, the boot loader is called elilo. You may need to |
476 |
emerge it on your machine first. |
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</p> |
478 |
|
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<pre caption="Installing elilo"> |
480 |
# <i>emerge elilo</i> |
481 |
</pre> |
482 |
|
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<p> |
484 |
You can find the configuration file at <path>/etc/elilo.conf</path> and a |
485 |
sample file in the typical docs dir <path>/usr/share/doc/elilo-<ver>/</path>. |
486 |
Here is another sample configuration: |
487 |
</p> |
488 |
|
489 |
<pre caption = "/etc/elilo.conf example"> |
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boot=/dev/sda1 |
491 |
delay=30 |
492 |
timeout=50 |
493 |
default=Gentoo |
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append="console=ttyS0,9600" |
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prompt |
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|
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image=/vmlinuz |
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label=Gentoo |
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root=/dev/sda2 |
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read-only |
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|
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image=/vmlinuz.old |
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label=Gentoo.old |
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root=/dev/sda2 |
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read-only |
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</pre> |
507 |
|
508 |
<p> |
509 |
The <c>boot</c> line tells elilo the location of the boot partition (in this |
510 |
case, <path>/dev/sda1</path>). The <c>delay</c> line sets the number of 10th |
511 |
of seconds before automatically booting the default when in non-interactive |
512 |
mode. The <c>timeout</c> line is just like the delay line but for interactive |
513 |
mode. The <c>default</c> line sets the default kernel entry (which is defined |
514 |
below). The <c>append</c> line adds extra options to the kernel cmdline. The |
515 |
<c>prompt</c> sets the default elilo behavior to interactive. |
516 |
</p> |
517 |
|
518 |
<p> |
519 |
The sections that start with <c>image</c> defines different bootable images. |
520 |
Each image has a nice <c>label</c>, a <c>root</c> filesystem, and will only |
521 |
mount the root filesystem <c>read-only</c>. |
522 |
</p> |
523 |
|
524 |
<p> |
525 |
When configuration is done, just run <c>elilo --efiboot</c>. The <c>--efiboot |
526 |
</c> option adds a menu entry for Gentoo Linux to the EFI Boot Manager. |
527 |
</p> |
528 |
|
529 |
<pre caption = "Applying the elilo configuration"> |
530 |
# <i>elilo --efiboot</i> |
531 |
</pre> |
532 |
|
533 |
<p> |
534 |
Now continue with <uri link="#reboot">Rebooting the System</uri>. |
535 |
</p> |
536 |
|
537 |
</body> |
538 |
</section> |
539 |
<section id="reboot"> |
540 |
<title>Rebooting the System</title> |
541 |
<subsection> |
542 |
<body> |
543 |
|
544 |
<p> |
545 |
Exit the chrooted environment and unmount all mounted partitions. Then type in |
546 |
that one magical command you have been waiting for: <c>reboot</c>. |
547 |
</p> |
548 |
|
549 |
<pre caption="Exiting the chroot, unmounting all partitions and rebooting"> |
550 |
# <i>exit</i> |
551 |
cdimage ~# <i>cd</i> |
552 |
cdimage ~# <i>umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/dev /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo</i> |
553 |
cdimage ~# <i>reboot</i> |
554 |
</pre> |
555 |
|
556 |
<p> |
557 |
When you reboot you should see a new Gentoo Linux menu option in the |
558 |
EFI Boot Manager which will boot Gentoo. Once rebooted in your Gentoo |
559 |
installation, finish up with <uri link="?part=1&chap=11">Finalizing |
560 |
your Gentoo Installation</uri>. |
561 |
</p> |
562 |
|
563 |
</body> |
564 |
</subsection> |
565 |
</section> |
566 |
</sections> |
567 |
|
568 |
|
569 |
|
570 |
1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-disk.xml |
571 |
|
572 |
file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-disk.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
573 |
plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-disk.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
574 |
|
575 |
Index: hb-install-ia64-disk.xml |
576 |
=================================================================== |
577 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
578 |
<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
579 |
|
580 |
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
581 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
582 |
|
583 |
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-disk.xml,v 1.1 2006/09/03 05:02:44 vapier Exp $ --> |
584 |
|
585 |
<sections> |
586 |
|
587 |
<version>2.2</version> |
588 |
<date>2005-06-10</date> |
589 |
|
590 |
<section> |
591 |
<title>Introduction to Block Devices</title> |
592 |
<subsection> |
593 |
<title>Block Devices</title> |
594 |
<body> |
595 |
|
596 |
<p> |
597 |
We'll take a good look at disk-oriented aspects of Gentoo Linux |
598 |
and Linux in general, including Linux filesystems, partitions and block devices. |
599 |
Then, once you're familiar with the ins and outs of disks and filesystems, |
600 |
you'll be guided through the process of setting up partitions and filesystems |
601 |
for your Gentoo Linux installation. |
602 |
</p> |
603 |
|
604 |
<p> |
605 |
To begin, we'll introduce <e>block devices</e>. The most famous block device is |
606 |
probably the one that represents the first IDE drive in a Linux system, namely |
607 |
<path>/dev/hda</path>. If your system uses SCSI or SATA drives, then your |
608 |
first hard drive would be <path>/dev/sda</path>. |
609 |
</p> |
610 |
|
611 |
<p> |
612 |
The block devices above represent an abstract interface to the disk. User |
613 |
programs can use these block devices to interact with your disk without worrying |
614 |
about whether your drives are IDE, SCSI or something else. The program can |
615 |
simply address the storage on the disk as a bunch of contiguous, |
616 |
randomly-accessible 512-byte blocks. |
617 |
</p> |
618 |
|
619 |
</body> |
620 |
</subsection> |
621 |
<subsection> |
622 |
<title>Partitions</title> |
623 |
<body> |
624 |
|
625 |
<p> |
626 |
Although it is theoretically possible to use a full disk to house your Linux |
627 |
system, this is almost never done in practice. Instead, full disk block devices |
628 |
are split up in smaller, more manageable block devices. On <keyval id="arch"/> |
629 |
systems, these are called <e>partitions</e>. |
630 |
</p> |
631 |
|
632 |
<p> |
633 |
Itanium systems use EFI, the Extensible Firmware Interface, for booting. The |
634 |
partition table format that EFI understands is called GPT, or GUID Partition |
635 |
Table. The partitioning program that understands GPT is called "parted", so |
636 |
that is the tool we will use below. Additionally, EFI can only read FAT |
637 |
filesystems, so that is the format to use for the EFI boot partition, where the |
638 |
kernel will be installed by "elilo". |
639 |
</p> |
640 |
|
641 |
</body> |
642 |
</subsection> |
643 |
<subsection> |
644 |
<title>Advanced Storage</title> |
645 |
<body> |
646 |
|
647 |
<p> |
648 |
The <keyval id="arch"/> Installation CDs provide support for EVMS and LVM2. |
649 |
EVMS and LVM2 increase the flexibility offered by your partitioning setup. |
650 |
During the installation instructions, we will focus on "regular" partitions, |
651 |
but it is still good to know EVMS and LVM2 are supported as well. |
652 |
</p> |
653 |
|
654 |
</body> |
655 |
</subsection> |
656 |
</section> |
657 |
<section> |
658 |
<title>Designing a Partitioning Scheme</title> |
659 |
<subsection> |
660 |
<title>Default Partitioning Scheme</title> |
661 |
<body> |
662 |
|
663 |
<p> |
664 |
If you are not interested in drawing up a partitioning scheme for your system, |
665 |
you can use the partitioning scheme we use throughout this book: |
666 |
</p> |
667 |
|
668 |
<table> |
669 |
<tr> |
670 |
<th>Partition</th> |
671 |
<th>Filesystem</th> |
672 |
<th>Size</th> |
673 |
<th>Description</th> |
674 |
</tr> |
675 |
<tr> |
676 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda1</path></ti> |
677 |
<ti>vfat</ti> |
678 |
<ti>32M</ti> |
679 |
<ti>EFI Boot partition</ti> |
680 |
</tr> |
681 |
<tr> |
682 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda2</path></ti> |
683 |
<ti>(swap)</ti> |
684 |
<ti>512M</ti> |
685 |
<ti>Swap partition</ti> |
686 |
</tr> |
687 |
<tr> |
688 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda3</path></ti> |
689 |
<ti>ext3</ti> |
690 |
<ti>Rest of the disk</ti> |
691 |
<ti>Root partition</ti> |
692 |
</tr> |
693 |
</table> |
694 |
|
695 |
<p> |
696 |
If you are interested in knowing how big a partition should be, or even how |
697 |
many partitions you need, read on. Otherwise continue now with partitioning |
698 |
your disk by reading <uri link="#parted">Using parted to Partition your |
699 |
Disk</uri>. |
700 |
</p> |
701 |
|
702 |
</body> |
703 |
</subsection> |
704 |
<subsection> |
705 |
<title>How Many and How Big?</title> |
706 |
<body> |
707 |
|
708 |
<p> |
709 |
The number of partitions is highly dependent on your environment. For instance, |
710 |
if you have lots of users, you will most likely want to have your |
711 |
<path>/home</path> separate as it increases security and makes backups easier. |
712 |
If you are installing Gentoo to perform as a mailserver, your |
713 |
<path>/var</path> should be separate as all mails are stored inside |
714 |
<path>/var</path>. A good choice of filesystem will then maximise your |
715 |
performance. Gameservers will have a separate <path>/opt</path> as most gaming |
716 |
servers are installed there. The reason is similar for <path>/home</path>: |
717 |
security and backups. You will definitely want to keep <path>/usr</path> big: |
718 |
not only will it contain the majority of applications, the Portage tree alone |
719 |
takes around 500 Mbyte excluding the various sources that are stored in it. |
720 |
</p> |
721 |
|
722 |
<p> |
723 |
As you can see, it very much depends on what you want to achieve. Separate |
724 |
partitions or volumes have the following advantages: |
725 |
</p> |
726 |
|
727 |
<ul> |
728 |
<li> |
729 |
You can choose the best performing filesystem for each partition or volume |
730 |
</li> |
731 |
<li> |
732 |
Your entire system cannot run out of free space if one defunct tool is |
733 |
continuously writing files to a partition or volume |
734 |
</li> |
735 |
<li> |
736 |
If necessary, file system checks are reduced in time, as multiple checks can |
737 |
be done in parallel (although this advantage is more with multiple disks than |
738 |
it is with multiple partitions) |
739 |
</li> |
740 |
<li> |
741 |
Security can be enhanced by mounting some partitions or volumes read-only, |
742 |
nosuid (setuid bits are ignored), noexec (executable bits are ignored) etc. |
743 |
</li> |
744 |
</ul> |
745 |
|
746 |
<p> |
747 |
However, multiple partitions have one big disadvantage: if not configured |
748 |
properly, you might result in having a system with lots of free space on one |
749 |
partition and none on another. There is also a 15-partition limit for SCSI and |
750 |
SATA. |
751 |
</p> |
752 |
|
753 |
<p> |
754 |
As an example partitioning, we show you one for a 20GB disk, used as a |
755 |
demonstration laptop (containing webserver, mailserver, gnome, ...): |
756 |
</p> |
757 |
|
758 |
<pre caption="Filesystem usage example"> |
759 |
$ <i>df -h</i> |
760 |
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on |
761 |
/dev/hda5 ext3 509M 132M 351M 28% / |
762 |
/dev/hda2 ext3 5.0G 3.0G 1.8G 63% /home |
763 |
/dev/hda7 ext3 7.9G 6.2G 1.3G 83% /usr |
764 |
/dev/hda8 ext3 1011M 483M 477M 51% /opt |
765 |
/dev/hda9 ext3 2.0G 607M 1.3G 32% /var |
766 |
/dev/hda1 ext2 51M 17M 31M 36% /boot |
767 |
/dev/hda6 swap 516M 12M 504M 2% <not mounted> |
768 |
<comment>(Unpartitioned space for future usage: 2 GB)</comment> |
769 |
</pre> |
770 |
|
771 |
<p> |
772 |
<path>/usr</path> is rather full (83% used) here, but once |
773 |
all software is installed, <path>/usr</path> doesn't tend to grow that much. |
774 |
Although allocating a few gigabytes of disk space for <path>/var</path> may |
775 |
seem excessive, remember that Portage uses this partition by default for |
776 |
compiling packages. If you want to keep <path>/var</path> at a more reasonable |
777 |
size, such as 1GB, you will need to alter your <c>PORTAGE_TMPDIR</c> variable |
778 |
in <path>/etc/make.conf</path> to point to the partition with enough free space |
779 |
for compiling extremely large packages such as OpenOffice. |
780 |
</p> |
781 |
|
782 |
</body> |
783 |
</subsection> |
784 |
</section> |
785 |
<section id="parted"> |
786 |
<title>Using parted to Partition your Disk</title> |
787 |
<subsection> |
788 |
<body> |
789 |
|
790 |
<p> |
791 |
The following parts explain how to create the example partition layout |
792 |
described previously, namely: |
793 |
</p> |
794 |
|
795 |
<table> |
796 |
<tr> |
797 |
<th>Partition</th> |
798 |
<th>Description</th> |
799 |
</tr> |
800 |
<tr> |
801 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda1</path></ti> |
802 |
<ti>EFI Boot partition</ti> |
803 |
</tr> |
804 |
<tr> |
805 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda2</path></ti> |
806 |
<ti>Swap partition</ti> |
807 |
</tr> |
808 |
<tr> |
809 |
<ti><path>/dev/sda3</path></ti> |
810 |
<ti>Root partition</ti> |
811 |
</tr> |
812 |
</table> |
813 |
|
814 |
<p> |
815 |
Change your partition layout according to your own preference. |
816 |
</p> |
817 |
|
818 |
</body> |
819 |
</subsection> |
820 |
<subsection> |
821 |
<title>Viewing the Current Partition Layout</title> |
822 |
<body> |
823 |
|
824 |
<p> |
825 |
<c>parted</c> is the GNU partition editor. |
826 |
Fire up <c>parted</c> on your disk (in our example, we use |
827 |
<path>/dev/sda</path>): |
828 |
</p> |
829 |
|
830 |
<pre caption="Starting parted"> |
831 |
# <i>parted /dev/sda</i> |
832 |
</pre> |
833 |
|
834 |
<p> |
835 |
Once in <c>parted</c>, you'll be greeted with a prompt that looks like this: |
836 |
</p> |
837 |
|
838 |
<pre caption="parted prompt"> |
839 |
GNU Parted 1.6.22 |
840 |
Copyright (C) 1998 - 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
841 |
This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License. |
842 |
|
843 |
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without |
844 |
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
845 |
General Public License for more details. |
846 |
|
847 |
Using /dev/sda |
848 |
(parted) |
849 |
</pre> |
850 |
|
851 |
<p> |
852 |
At this point one of the available commands is <c>help</c>, which you should use |
853 |
if you want to see the other available commands. Another command is |
854 |
<c>print</c> which you should type next to display your disk's current partition |
855 |
configuration: |
856 |
</p> |
857 |
|
858 |
<pre caption="An example partition configuration"> |
859 |
(parted) <i>print</i> |
860 |
Disk geometry for /dev/sda: 0.000-34732.890 megabytes |
861 |
Disk label type: gpt |
862 |
Minor Start End Filesystem Name Flags |
863 |
1 0.017 203.938 fat32 boot |
864 |
2 203.938 4243.468 linux-swap |
865 |
3 4243.469 34724.281 ext3 |
866 |
</pre> |
867 |
|
868 |
<p> |
869 |
This particular configuration is very similar to the one that we recommend |
870 |
above. Note on the second line that the partition table is type is GPT. If it |
871 |
is different, then the ia64 system will not be able to boot from this disk. |
872 |
For the sake of this guide we'll remove the partitions and create them anew. |
873 |
</p> |
874 |
|
875 |
</body> |
876 |
</subsection> |
877 |
<subsection> |
878 |
<title>Removing all Partitions</title> |
879 |
<body> |
880 |
|
881 |
<note> |
882 |
Unlike fdisk and some other partitioning programs which postpone committing |
883 |
changes until you give the write instruction, parted commands take effect |
884 |
immediately. So once you start adding and removing partitions, you can't |
885 |
simply quit without writing them... they've already been written. |
886 |
</note> |
887 |
|
888 |
<p> |
889 |
The easy way to remove all partitions and start fresh, which guarantees that we |
890 |
are using the correct partition type, is to make a new partition table using the |
891 |
<c>mklabel</c> command. After you do this, you will have an empty GPT partition |
892 |
table. |
893 |
</p> |
894 |
|
895 |
<pre caption="Creating a new partition table"> |
896 |
(parted) <i>mklabel gpt</i> |
897 |
(parted) <i>print</i> |
898 |
Disk geometry for /dev/sda: 0.000-34732.890 megabytes |
899 |
Disk label type: gpt |
900 |
Minor Start End Filesystem Name Flags |
901 |
</pre> |
902 |
|
903 |
<p> |
904 |
Now that the partition table is empty, we're ready to create the |
905 |
partitions. We will use a default partitioning scheme as discussed previously. |
906 |
Of course, don't follow these instructions to the letter if you don't want the |
907 |
same partitioning scheme! |
908 |
</p> |
909 |
|
910 |
</body> |
911 |
</subsection> |
912 |
<subsection> |
913 |
<title>Creating the EFI Boot Partition</title> |
914 |
<body> |
915 |
|
916 |
<p> |
917 |
We first create a small EFI boot partition. This is required to be a FAT |
918 |
filesystem in order for the ia64 firmware to read it. Our example makes this |
919 |
32 megabytes, which is appropriate for storing kernels and elilo configuration. |
920 |
You can expect each ia64 kernel to be around 5 megabytes, so this configuration |
921 |
leaves you some room to grow and experiment. |
922 |
</p> |
923 |
|
924 |
<pre caption="Creating the boot partition"> |
925 |
(parted) <i>mkpart primary fat32 0 32</i> |
926 |
(parted) <i>print</i> |
927 |
Disk geometry for /dev/sda: 0.000-34732.890 megabytes |
928 |
Disk label type: gpt |
929 |
Minor Start End Filesystem Name Flags |
930 |
1 0.017 32.000 fat32 |
931 |
</pre> |
932 |
|
933 |
</body> |
934 |
</subsection> |
935 |
<subsection> |
936 |
<title>Creating the Swap Partition</title> |
937 |
<body> |
938 |
|
939 |
<p> |
940 |
Let's now create the swap partition. The classic size to make the swap |
941 |
partition was twice the amount of RAM in the system. In modern systems with |
942 |
lots of RAM, this is no longer necessary. For most desktop systems, a 512 |
943 |
megabyte swap partition is sufficient. For a server, you should consider |
944 |
something larger to reflect the anticipated needs of the server. |
945 |
</p> |
946 |
|
947 |
<pre caption="Creating the swap partition"> |
948 |
(parted) <i>mkpart primary linux-swap 32 544</i> |
949 |
(parted) <i>print</i> |
950 |
Disk geometry for /dev/sda: 0.000-34732.890 megabytes |
951 |
Disk label type: gpt |
952 |
Minor Start End Filesystem Name Flags |
953 |
1 0.017 32.000 fat32 |
954 |
2 32.000 544.000 |
955 |
</pre> |
956 |
|
957 |
</body> |
958 |
</subsection> |
959 |
<subsection> |
960 |
<title>Creating the Root Partition</title> |
961 |
<body> |
962 |
|
963 |
<p> |
964 |
Finally, let's create the root partition. Our configuration will make the root |
965 |
partition to occupy the rest of the disk. We default to ext3, but you can use |
966 |
ext2, jfs, reiserfs or xfs if you prefer. The actual filesystem is not created |
967 |
in this step, but the partition table contains an indication of what kind of |
968 |
filesystem is stored on each partition, and it's a good idea to make the table |
969 |
match your intentions. |
970 |
</p> |
971 |
|
972 |
<pre caption="Creating the root partition"> |
973 |
(parted) <i>mkpart primary ext3 544 34732.890</i> |
974 |
(parted) <i>print</i> |
975 |
Disk geometry for /dev/sda: 0.000-34732.890 megabytes |
976 |
Disk label type: gpt |
977 |
Minor Start End Filesystem Name Flags |
978 |
1 0.017 32.000 fat32 |
979 |
2 32.000 544.000 |
980 |
3 544.000 34732.874 |
981 |
</pre> |
982 |
|
983 |
</body> |
984 |
</subsection> |
985 |
<subsection> |
986 |
<title>Exiting parted</title> |
987 |
<body> |
988 |
|
989 |
<p> |
990 |
To quit from parted, type <c>quit</c>. There's no need to take a separate step |
991 |
to save your partition layout since parted has been saving it all along. As you |
992 |
leave, parted gives you reminder to update your <c>/etc/fstab</c>, which we'll |
993 |
do later in this guide. |
994 |
</p> |
995 |
|
996 |
<pre caption="Quit from parted"> |
997 |
(parted) <i>quit</i> |
998 |
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. |
999 |
</pre> |
1000 |
|
1001 |
<p> |
1002 |
Now that your partitions are created, you can now continue with <uri |
1003 |
link="#filesystems">Creating Filesystems</uri>. |
1004 |
</p> |
1005 |
|
1006 |
</body> |
1007 |
</subsection> |
1008 |
</section> |
1009 |
<section id="filesystems"> |
1010 |
<title>Creating Filesystems</title> |
1011 |
<subsection> |
1012 |
<title>Introduction</title> |
1013 |
<body> |
1014 |
|
1015 |
<p> |
1016 |
Now that your partitions are created, it is time to place a filesystem on them. |
1017 |
If you don't care about what filesystem to choose and are happy with what we use |
1018 |
as default in this handbook, continue with <uri |
1019 |
link="#filesystems-apply">Applying a Filesystem to a Partition</uri>. |
1020 |
Otherwise read on to learn about the available filesystems... |
1021 |
</p> |
1022 |
|
1023 |
</body> |
1024 |
</subsection> |
1025 |
<subsection> |
1026 |
<title>Filesystems?</title> |
1027 |
<body> |
1028 |
|
1029 |
<p> |
1030 |
The Linux kernel supports various filesystems. We'll explain ext2, ext3, |
1031 |
ReiserFS, XFS and JFS as these are the most commonly used filesystems on Linux |
1032 |
systems. |
1033 |
</p> |
1034 |
|
1035 |
<p> |
1036 |
<b>vfat</b> is the MS-DOS filesystem, updated to allow long filenames. It is |
1037 |
also the only filesystem type that the EFI firmware on ia64 systems understand. |
1038 |
The boot partition on ia64 systems should always be vfat, but for your data |
1039 |
partitions you should use one of the other filesystems listed below. |
1040 |
</p> |
1041 |
|
1042 |
<p> |
1043 |
<b>ext2</b> is the tried and true Linux filesystem but doesn't have metadata |
1044 |
journaling, which means that routine ext2 filesystem checks at startup time can |
1045 |
be quite time-consuming. There is now quite a selection of newer-generation |
1046 |
journaled filesystems that can be checked for consistency very quickly and are |
1047 |
thus generally preferred over their non-journaled counterparts. Journaled |
1048 |
filesystems prevent long delays when you boot your system and your filesystem |
1049 |
happens to be in an inconsistent state. |
1050 |
</p> |
1051 |
|
1052 |
<p> |
1053 |
<b>ext3</b> is the journaled version of the ext2 filesystem, providing metadata |
1054 |
journaling for fast recovery in addition to other enhanced journaling modes like |
1055 |
full data and ordered data journaling. ext3 is a very good and reliable |
1056 |
filesystem. |
1057 |
</p> |
1058 |
|
1059 |
<p> |
1060 |
<b>ReiserFS</b> is a B*-tree based filesystem that has very good overall |
1061 |
performance and greatly outperforms both ext2 and ext3 when dealing with small |
1062 |
files (files less than 4k), often by a factor of 10x-15x. ReiserFS also scales |
1063 |
extremely well and has metadata journaling. As of kernel 2.4.18+, ReiserFS is |
1064 |
solid and usable as both general-purpose filesystem and for extreme cases such |
1065 |
as the creation of large filesystems, the use of many small files, very large |
1066 |
files and directories containing tens of thousands of files. |
1067 |
</p> |
1068 |
|
1069 |
<p> |
1070 |
<b>XFS</b> is a filesystem with metadata journaling which comes with a robust |
1071 |
feature-set and is optimized for scalability. We only recommend using this |
1072 |
filesystem on Linux systems with high-end SCSI and/or fibre channel storage and |
1073 |
an uninterruptible power supply. Because XFS aggressively caches in-transit data |
1074 |
in RAM, improperly designed programs (those that don't take proper precautions |
1075 |
when writing files to disk and there are quite a few of them) can lose a good |
1076 |
deal of data if the system goes down unexpectedly. |
1077 |
</p> |
1078 |
|
1079 |
<p> |
1080 |
<b>JFS</b> is IBM's high-performance journaling filesystem. It has recently |
1081 |
become production-ready and there hasn't been a sufficient track record to |
1082 |
comment positively nor negatively on its general stability at this point. |
1083 |
</p> |
1084 |
|
1085 |
</body> |
1086 |
</subsection> |
1087 |
<subsection id="filesystems-apply"> |
1088 |
<title>Applying a Filesystem to a Partition</title> |
1089 |
<body> |
1090 |
|
1091 |
<p> |
1092 |
To create a filesystem on a partition or volume, there are tools available for |
1093 |
each possible filesystem: |
1094 |
</p> |
1095 |
|
1096 |
<table> |
1097 |
<tr> |
1098 |
<th>Filesystem</th> |
1099 |
<th>Creation Command</th> |
1100 |
</tr> |
1101 |
<tr> |
1102 |
<ti>vfat</ti> |
1103 |
<ti><c>mkdosfs</c></ti> |
1104 |
</tr> |
1105 |
<tr> |
1106 |
<ti>ext2</ti> |
1107 |
<ti><c>mke2fs</c></ti> |
1108 |
</tr> |
1109 |
<tr> |
1110 |
<ti>ext3</ti> |
1111 |
<ti><c>mke2fs -j</c></ti> |
1112 |
</tr> |
1113 |
<tr> |
1114 |
<ti>reiserfs</ti> |
1115 |
<ti><c>mkreiserfs</c></ti> |
1116 |
</tr> |
1117 |
<tr> |
1118 |
<ti>xfs</ti> |
1119 |
<ti><c>mkfs.xfs</c></ti> |
1120 |
</tr> |
1121 |
<tr> |
1122 |
<ti>jfs</ti> |
1123 |
<ti><c>mkfs.jfs</c></ti> |
1124 |
</tr> |
1125 |
</table> |
1126 |
|
1127 |
<p> |
1128 |
For instance, to have the boot partition (<path>/dev/sda1</path> in our |
1129 |
example) as vfat and the root partition (<path>/dev/sda3</path> in our example) |
1130 |
as ext3, you would run the following commands: |
1131 |
</p> |
1132 |
|
1133 |
<pre caption="Applying a filesystem on a partition"> |
1134 |
# <i>mkdosfs /dev/sda1</i> |
1135 |
mkdosfs 2.10 (22 Sep 2003) |
1136 |
|
1137 |
# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/sda3</i> |
1138 |
mke2fs 1.36 (05-Feb-2005) |
1139 |
Filesystem label= |
1140 |
OS type: Linux |
1141 |
Block size=4096 (log=2) |
1142 |
Fragment size=4096 (log=2) |
1143 |
4382336 inodes, 8752348 blocks |
1144 |
437617 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user |
1145 |
First data block=0 |
1146 |
268 block groups |
1147 |
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group |
1148 |
16352 inodes per group |
1149 |
Superblock backups stored on blocks: |
1150 |
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, |
1151 |
4096000, 7962624 |
1152 |
|
1153 |
Writing inode tables: done |
1154 |
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done |
1155 |
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done |
1156 |
|
1157 |
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or |
1158 |
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
1159 |
</pre> |
1160 |
|
1161 |
</body> |
1162 |
</subsection> |
1163 |
<subsection> |
1164 |
<title>Activating the Swap Partition</title> |
1165 |
<body> |
1166 |
|
1167 |
<p> |
1168 |
<c>mkswap</c> is the command that is used to initialize swap partitions: |
1169 |
</p> |
1170 |
|
1171 |
<pre caption="Creating a Swap signature"> |
1172 |
# <i>mkswap /dev/sda2</i> |
1173 |
</pre> |
1174 |
|
1175 |
<p> |
1176 |
To activate the swap partition, use <c>swapon</c>: |
1177 |
</p> |
1178 |
|
1179 |
<pre caption="Activating the swap partition"> |
1180 |
# <i>swapon /dev/sda2</i> |
1181 |
</pre> |
1182 |
|
1183 |
<p> |
1184 |
Create and activate the swap with the commands mentioned above. |
1185 |
</p> |
1186 |
|
1187 |
</body> |
1188 |
</subsection> |
1189 |
</section> |
1190 |
<section> |
1191 |
<title>Mounting</title> |
1192 |
<body> |
1193 |
|
1194 |
<p> |
1195 |
Now that your partitions are initialized and are housing a filesystem, it is |
1196 |
time to mount those partitions. Use the <c>mount</c> command. Don't forget to |
1197 |
create the necessary mount directories for every partition you created. As an |
1198 |
example we mount the root and boot partition: |
1199 |
</p> |
1200 |
|
1201 |
<pre caption="Mounting the root partition"> |
1202 |
# <i>mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo</i> |
1203 |
</pre> |
1204 |
|
1205 |
<note> |
1206 |
Unlike some of the other architectures supported by Gentoo, <path>/boot</path> |
1207 |
is not mounted on ia64. The reason for this is that the EFI boot partition will |
1208 |
be automatically mounted and written by the elilo command each time that you run |
1209 |
it. Because of this, /boot resides on the root filesystem and is the storage |
1210 |
place for the kernels referenced by your elilo configuration. |
1211 |
</note> |
1212 |
|
1213 |
<note> |
1214 |
If you want your <path>/tmp</path> to reside on a separate partition, be sure to |
1215 |
change its permissions after mounting: <c>chmod 1777 /mnt/gentoo/tmp</c>. This |
1216 |
also holds for <path>/var/tmp</path>. |
1217 |
</note> |
1218 |
|
1219 |
<p> |
1220 |
We will also have to mount the proc filesystem (a virtual interface with the |
1221 |
kernel) on <path>/proc</path>. But first we will need to place our files on the partitions. |
1222 |
</p> |
1223 |
|
1224 |
<p> |
1225 |
Continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=5">Installing the Gentoo |
1226 |
Installation Files</uri>. |
1227 |
</p> |
1228 |
|
1229 |
</body> |
1230 |
</section> |
1231 |
</sections> |
1232 |
|
1233 |
|
1234 |
|
1235 |
1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml |
1236 |
|
1237 |
file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
1238 |
plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
1239 |
|
1240 |
Index: hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml |
1241 |
=================================================================== |
1242 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
1243 |
<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
1244 |
|
1245 |
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
1246 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
1247 |
|
1248 |
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-kernel.xml,v 1.1 2006/09/03 05:02:44 vapier Exp $ --> |
1249 |
|
1250 |
<sections> |
1251 |
|
1252 |
<version>7.1</version> |
1253 |
<date>2006-08-30</date> |
1254 |
|
1255 |
<section> |
1256 |
<title>Timezone</title> |
1257 |
<body> |
1258 |
|
1259 |
<p> |
1260 |
You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is |
1261 |
located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then copy |
1262 |
it to <path>/etc/localtime</path>. Please avoid the |
1263 |
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not |
1264 |
indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact GMT+8. |
1265 |
</p> |
1266 |
|
1267 |
<pre caption="Setting the timezone information"> |
1268 |
# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i> |
1269 |
<comment>(Suppose you want to use GMT)</comment> |
1270 |
# <i>cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime</i> |
1271 |
</pre> |
1272 |
|
1273 |
</body> |
1274 |
</section> |
1275 |
<section> |
1276 |
<title>Installing the Sources</title> |
1277 |
<subsection> |
1278 |
<title>Choosing a Kernel</title> |
1279 |
<body> |
1280 |
|
1281 |
<p> |
1282 |
The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. It is the |
1283 |
layer between the user programs and your system hardware. Gentoo provides its |
1284 |
users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is |
1285 |
available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel |
1286 |
Guide</uri>. |
1287 |
</p> |
1288 |
|
1289 |
<p> |
1290 |
For IA64 systems, the available kernels are <c>vanilla-sources</c> (the default |
1291 |
kernel source as distributed from <uri link="http://kernel.org/">kernel.org</uri> |
1292 |
and <c>gentoo-sources</c> (contains additional patches for performance and |
1293 |
stability). |
1294 |
</p> |
1295 |
|
1296 |
<p> |
1297 |
Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>. The |
1298 |
<c>USE="-doc"</c> is necessary to avoid installing xorg-x11 or other |
1299 |
dependencies at this point. <c>USE="symlink"</c> is not necessary for a new |
1300 |
install, but ensures proper creation of the <path>/usr/src/linux</path> |
1301 |
symlink. |
1302 |
</p> |
1303 |
|
1304 |
<pre caption="Installing a kernel source"> |
1305 |
# <i>USE="-doc symlink" emerge gentoo-sources</i> |
1306 |
</pre> |
1307 |
|
1308 |
<p> |
1309 |
When you take a look in <path>/usr/src</path> you should see a symlink called |
1310 |
<path>linux</path> pointing to your kernel source. In this case, the installed |
1311 |
kernel source points to <c>gentoo-sources-<keyval id="kernel-version"/></c>. |
1312 |
Your version may be different, so keep this in mind. |
1313 |
</p> |
1314 |
|
1315 |
<pre caption="Viewing the kernel source symlink"> |
1316 |
# <i>ls -l /usr/src/linux</i> |
1317 |
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Oct 13 11:04 /usr/src/linux -> linux-<keyval id="kernel-version"/> |
1318 |
</pre> |
1319 |
|
1320 |
<p> |
1321 |
Now it is time to configure and compile your kernel source. You can use |
1322 |
<c>genkernel</c> for this, which will build a generic kernel as used by the |
1323 |
Installation CD. We explain the "manual" configuration first though, as it is |
1324 |
the best way to optimize your environment. |
1325 |
</p> |
1326 |
|
1327 |
<p> |
1328 |
If you want to manually configure your kernel, continue now with <uri |
1329 |
link="#manual">Default: Manual Configuration</uri>. If you want to use |
1330 |
<c>genkernel</c> you should read <uri link="#genkernel">Alternative: Using |
1331 |
genkernel</uri> instead. |
1332 |
</p> |
1333 |
|
1334 |
</body> |
1335 |
</subsection> |
1336 |
</section> |
1337 |
<section id="manual"> |
1338 |
<title>Default: Manual Configuration</title> |
1339 |
<subsection> |
1340 |
<title>Introduction</title> |
1341 |
<body> |
1342 |
|
1343 |
<p> |
1344 |
Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a |
1345 |
Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true -- after configuring a |
1346 |
couple of kernels you don't even remember that it was difficult ;) |
1347 |
</p> |
1348 |
|
1349 |
<p> |
1350 |
However, one thing <e>is</e> true: you must know your system when you start |
1351 |
configuring a kernel manually. Most information can be gathered by emerging |
1352 |
pciutils (<c>emerge pciutils</c>) which contains <c>lspci</c>. You will now |
1353 |
be able to use <c>lspci</c> within the chrooted environment. You may safely |
1354 |
ignore any <e>pcilib</e> warnings (like pcilib: cannot open |
1355 |
/sys/bus/pci/devices) that <c>lspci</c> throws out. Alternatively, you can run |
1356 |
<c>lspci</c> from a <e>non-chrooted</e> environment. The results are the same. |
1357 |
You can also run <c>lsmod</c> to see what kernel modules the Installation CD |
1358 |
uses (it might provide you with a nice hint on what to enable). |
1359 |
</p> |
1360 |
|
1361 |
<p> |
1362 |
Now go to your kernel source directory and execute <c>make menuconfig</c>. This |
1363 |
will fire up an ncurses-based configuration menu. |
1364 |
</p> |
1365 |
|
1366 |
<pre caption="Invoking menuconfig"> |
1367 |
# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> |
1368 |
# <i>make menuconfig</i> |
1369 |
</pre> |
1370 |
|
1371 |
<p> |
1372 |
You will be greeted with several configuration sections. We'll first list some |
1373 |
options you must activate (otherwise Gentoo will not function, or not function |
1374 |
properly without additional tweaks). |
1375 |
</p> |
1376 |
|
1377 |
</body> |
1378 |
</subsection> |
1379 |
<subsection> |
1380 |
<title>Activating Required Options</title> |
1381 |
<body> |
1382 |
|
1383 |
<p> |
1384 |
First of all, activate the use of development and experimental code/drivers. |
1385 |
You need this, otherwise some very important code/drivers won't show up: |
1386 |
</p> |
1387 |
|
1388 |
<pre caption="Selecting experimental code/drivers, General setup"> |
1389 |
Code maturity level options ---> |
1390 |
[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers |
1391 |
General setup ---> |
1392 |
[*] Support for hot-pluggable devices |
1393 |
</pre> |
1394 |
|
1395 |
<p> |
1396 |
Make sure that every driver that is vital to the booting of your system (such as |
1397 |
SCSI controller, ...) is compiled <e>in</e> the kernel and not as a module, |
1398 |
otherwise your system will not be able to boot completely. |
1399 |
</p> |
1400 |
|
1401 |
<p> |
1402 |
Now select the correct system type and processor type. If you don't know what |
1403 |
kind of IA64 system type you have, <c>DIG-compliant</c> is a good default |
1404 |
choice. If you are installing on an SGI system make sure you select the |
1405 |
SGI system type, your kernel may just lock up and refuse to boot otherwise. |
1406 |
</p> |
1407 |
|
1408 |
<pre caption="Selecting correct system type"> |
1409 |
System type ---> |
1410 |
<comment>(Change according to your system)</comment> |
1411 |
<i>DIG-compliant</i> |
1412 |
Processor type ---> |
1413 |
<comment>(Change according to your system)</comment> |
1414 |
<i>Itanium 2</i> |
1415 |
</pre> |
1416 |
|
1417 |
<p> |
1418 |
Now go to <c>File Systems</c> and select support for the filesystems you use. |
1419 |
<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be |
1420 |
able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c> and <c>/proc |
1421 |
file system</c>. |
1422 |
</p> |
1423 |
|
1424 |
<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems"> |
1425 |
File systems ---> |
1426 |
Pseudo Filesystems ---> |
1427 |
[*] /proc file system support |
1428 |
[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) |
1429 |
|
1430 |
<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment> |
1431 |
<*> Reiserfs support |
1432 |
<*> Ext3 journalling file system support |
1433 |
<*> JFS filesystem support |
1434 |
<*> Second extended fs support |
1435 |
<*> XFS filesystem support |
1436 |
|
1437 |
<comment>(Be sure to enable VFAT support for the EFI partition)</comment> |
1438 |
DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems ---> |
1439 |
<*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support |
1440 |
</pre> |
1441 |
|
1442 |
<p> |
1443 |
Do not forget to enable DMA for your drives: |
1444 |
</p> |
1445 |
|
1446 |
<pre caption="Activating DMA"> |
1447 |
Device Drivers ---> |
1448 |
ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support ---> |
1449 |
[*] Generic PCI bus-master DMA support |
1450 |
[*] Use PCI DMA by default when available |
1451 |
</pre> |
1452 |
|
1453 |
<p> |
1454 |
If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a dial-up |
1455 |
modem, you will need the following options in the kernel: |
1456 |
</p> |
1457 |
|
1458 |
<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers"> |
1459 |
Device Drivers ---> |
1460 |
Networking Support ---> |
1461 |
<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support |
1462 |
<*> PPP support for async serial ports |
1463 |
<*> PPP support for sync tty ports |
1464 |
</pre> |
1465 |
|
1466 |
<p> |
1467 |
The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither |
1468 |
does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by |
1469 |
<c>rp-pppoe</c> when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE. |
1470 |
</p> |
1471 |
|
1472 |
<p> |
1473 |
If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your |
1474 |
ethernet card. |
1475 |
</p> |
1476 |
|
1477 |
<p> |
1478 |
If you have an Intel CPU that supports HyperThreading (tm), or you have a |
1479 |
multi-CPU system, you should activate "Symmetric multi-processing support": |
1480 |
</p> |
1481 |
|
1482 |
<pre caption="Activating SMP support"> |
1483 |
Processor type and features ---> |
1484 |
[*] Symmetric multi-processing support |
1485 |
</pre> |
1486 |
|
1487 |
<p> |
1488 |
If you use USB Input Devices (like Keyboard or Mouse) don't forget to enable |
1489 |
those as well: |
1490 |
</p> |
1491 |
|
1492 |
<pre caption="Activating USB Support for Input Devices"> |
1493 |
Device Drivers ---> |
1494 |
USB Support ---> |
1495 |
<*> USB Human Interface Device (full HID) support |
1496 |
</pre> |
1497 |
|
1498 |
<p> |
1499 |
When you've finished configuring the kernel, continue with <uri |
1500 |
link="#compiling">Compiling and Installing</uri>. |
1501 |
</p> |
1502 |
|
1503 |
</body> |
1504 |
</subsection> |
1505 |
<subsection id="compiling"> |
1506 |
<title>Compiling and Installing</title> |
1507 |
<body> |
1508 |
|
1509 |
<p> |
1510 |
Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit |
1511 |
the configuration and start the compilation process: |
1512 |
</p> |
1513 |
|
1514 |
<pre caption="Compiling the kernel"> |
1515 |
# <i>make && make modules_install</i> |
1516 |
</pre> |
1517 |
|
1518 |
<p> |
1519 |
When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to |
1520 |
<path>/boot</path>. Use whatever name you feel is appropriate for your kernel |
1521 |
choice and remember it as you will need it later on when you configure your |
1522 |
bootloader. Remember to replace <c><keyval id="kernel-name"/></c> with the |
1523 |
name and version of your kernel. |
1524 |
</p> |
1525 |
|
1526 |
<pre caption="Installing the kernel"> |
1527 |
# <i>cp vmlinux.gz /boot/<keyval id="kernel-name"/></i> |
1528 |
</pre> |
1529 |
|
1530 |
<p> |
1531 |
Now continue with <uri link="#kernel_modules">Kernel Modules</uri>. |
1532 |
</p> |
1533 |
|
1534 |
</body> |
1535 |
</subsection> |
1536 |
</section> |
1537 |
<section id="genkernel"> |
1538 |
<title>Alternative: Using genkernel</title> |
1539 |
<body> |
1540 |
|
1541 |
<p> |
1542 |
If you are reading this section, you have chosen to use our <c>genkernel</c> |
1543 |
script to configure your kernel for you. |
1544 |
</p> |
1545 |
|
1546 |
<p> |
1547 |
Now that your kernel source tree is installed, it's now time to compile your |
1548 |
kernel by using our <c>genkernel</c> script to automatically build a kernel for |
1549 |
you. <c>genkernel</c> works by configuring a kernel nearly identically to the |
1550 |
way our Installation CD kernel is configured. This means that when you use |
1551 |
<c>genkernel</c> to build your kernel, your system will generally detect all |
1552 |
your hardware at boot-time, just like our Installation CD does. Because |
1553 |
genkernel doesn't require any manual kernel configuration, it is an ideal |
1554 |
solution for those users who may not be comfortable compiling their own kernels. |
1555 |
</p> |
1556 |
|
1557 |
<p> |
1558 |
Now, let's see how to use genkernel. First, emerge the genkernel ebuild: |
1559 |
</p> |
1560 |
|
1561 |
<pre caption="Emerging genkernel"> |
1562 |
# <i>emerge genkernel</i> |
1563 |
</pre> |
1564 |
|
1565 |
<p> |
1566 |
Now, compile your kernel sources by running <c>genkernel --udev all</c>. |
1567 |
Be aware though, as <c>genkernel</c> compiles a kernel that supports almost all |
1568 |
hardware, this compilation will take quite a while to finish! |
1569 |
</p> |
1570 |
|
1571 |
<note> |
1572 |
Users of EVMS2 or LVM2 will probably want to add |
1573 |
<c>--evms2</c> or <c>--lvm2</c> to the genkernel command-line. |
1574 |
</note> |
1575 |
|
1576 |
<pre caption="Running genkernel"> |
1577 |
# <i>genkernel --udev all</i> |
1578 |
</pre> |
1579 |
|
1580 |
<p> |
1581 |
Once <c>genkernel</c> completes, a kernel, full set of modules and |
1582 |
<e>initial root disk</e> (initrd) will be created. We will use the kernel |
1583 |
and initrd when configuring a boot loader later in this document. Write |
1584 |
down the names of the kernel and initrd as you will need it when writing |
1585 |
the bootloader configuration file. The initrd will be started immediately after |
1586 |
booting to perform hardware autodetection (just like on the Installation CD) |
1587 |
before your "real" system starts up. |
1588 |
</p> |
1589 |
|
1590 |
<pre caption="Checking the created kernel image name and initrd"> |
1591 |
# <i>ls /boot/kernel* /boot/initramfs*</i> |
1592 |
</pre> |
1593 |
|
1594 |
<p> |
1595 |
Now, let's perform one more step to get our system to be more like the |
1596 |
Installation CD -- let's emerge <c>coldplug</c>. While the initrd autodetects |
1597 |
hardware that is needed to boot your system, <c>coldplug</c> autodetects |
1598 |
everything else. To emerge and enable <c>coldplug</c>, type the following: |
1599 |
</p> |
1600 |
|
1601 |
<pre caption="Emerging and enabling coldplug"> |
1602 |
# <i>emerge coldplug</i> |
1603 |
# <i>rc-update add coldplug boot</i> |
1604 |
</pre> |
1605 |
|
1606 |
</body> |
1607 |
</section> |
1608 |
<section id="kernel_modules"> |
1609 |
<title>Kernel Modules</title> |
1610 |
<subsection> |
1611 |
<title>Configuring the Modules</title> |
1612 |
<body> |
1613 |
|
1614 |
<p> |
1615 |
You should list the modules you want automatically loaded in |
1616 |
<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path>. You can add extra options to |
1617 |
the modules too if you want. |
1618 |
</p> |
1619 |
|
1620 |
<p> |
1621 |
To view all available modules, run the following <c>find</c> command. Don't |
1622 |
forget to substitute <c><keyval id="kernel-version"/></c> with the version of |
1623 |
the kernel you just compiled: |
1624 |
</p> |
1625 |
|
1626 |
<pre caption="Viewing all available modules"> |
1627 |
# <i>find /lib/modules/<keyval id="kernel-version"/>/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'</i> |
1628 |
</pre> |
1629 |
|
1630 |
<p> |
1631 |
For instance, to automatically load the <c>3c59x.o</c> module, edit the |
1632 |
<path>kernel-2.6</path> file and enter the module name in it. |
1633 |
</p> |
1634 |
|
1635 |
<pre caption="Editing /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6"> |
1636 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</i> |
1637 |
</pre> |
1638 |
|
1639 |
<pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6"> |
1640 |
3c59x |
1641 |
</pre> |
1642 |
|
1643 |
<p> |
1644 |
Continue the installation with <uri link="?part=1&chap=8">Configuring |
1645 |
your System</uri>. |
1646 |
</p> |
1647 |
|
1648 |
</body> |
1649 |
</subsection> |
1650 |
</section> |
1651 |
</sections> |
1652 |
|
1653 |
|
1654 |
|
1655 |
1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-medium.xml |
1656 |
|
1657 |
file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-medium.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
1658 |
plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-medium.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
1659 |
|
1660 |
Index: hb-install-ia64-medium.xml |
1661 |
=================================================================== |
1662 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
1663 |
<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
1664 |
|
1665 |
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
1666 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
1667 |
|
1668 |
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ia64-medium.xml,v 1.1 2006/09/03 05:02:44 vapier Exp $ --> |
1669 |
|
1670 |
<sections> |
1671 |
|
1672 |
<version>4.0</version> |
1673 |
<date>2006-08-30</date> |
1674 |
|
1675 |
<section> |
1676 |
<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
1677 |
<subsection> |
1678 |
<title>Introduction</title> |
1679 |
<body> |
1680 |
|
1681 |
<p> |
1682 |
Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements you need to |
1683 |
successfully install Gentoo on your box. |
1684 |
</p> |
1685 |
|
1686 |
</body> |
1687 |
</subsection> |
1688 |
<subsection> |
1689 |
<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
1690 |
<body> |
1691 |
|
1692 |
<p> |
1693 |
Pretty much every IA64 should be able to boot Gentoo. At the moment we only |
1694 |
have LiveCDs, so your machine must have a CDROM drive installed. |
1695 |
</p> |
1696 |
|
1697 |
</body> |
1698 |
</subsection> |
1699 |
</section> |
1700 |
|
1701 |
<section> |
1702 |
<title>The Gentoo Installation CDs</title> |
1703 |
<subsection> |
1704 |
<title>Introduction</title> |
1705 |
<body> |
1706 |
|
1707 |
<p> |
1708 |
The <e>Gentoo Installation CDs</e> are bootable CDs which contain a |
1709 |
self-sustained Gentoo environment. They allow you to boot Linux from the CD. |
1710 |
During the boot process your hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers |
1711 |
are loaded. They are maintained by Gentoo developers. |
1712 |
</p> |
1713 |
|
1714 |
<p> |
1715 |
All Installation CDs allow you to boot, set up networking, initialize your |
1716 |
partitions and start installing Gentoo from the Internet. We currently provide |
1717 |
two Installation CDs which are equaly suitable to install Gentoo from, as long |
1718 |
as you're planning on performing an Internet-based installation using the |
1719 |
latest version of the available packages. |
1720 |
</p> |
1721 |
|
1722 |
<impo> |
1723 |
If you wish to install Gentoo without a working Internet connection, or would |
1724 |
like to use one of the provided installers, please use the installation |
1725 |
instructions described in the <uri link="2006.1/">Gentoo 2006.1 |
1726 |
Handbooks</uri>. |
1727 |
</impo> |
1728 |
|
1729 |
<p> |
1730 |
The Installation CD that we currently provide for IA64: |
1731 |
</p> |
1732 |
|
1733 |
<ul> |
1734 |
<li> |
1735 |
The Gentoo <e>Minimal</e> Installation CD, a small, no-nonsense, bootable |
1736 |
CD which sole purpose is to boot the system, prepare the networking and |
1737 |
continue with the Gentoo installation. |
1738 |
</li> |
1739 |
</ul> |
1740 |
|
1741 |
</body> |
1742 |
</subsection> |
1743 |
<subsection> |
1744 |
<title>Gentoo Minimal Installation CD</title> |
1745 |
<body> |
1746 |
|
1747 |
<p> |
1748 |
The Minimal Installation CD is called <c><keyval id="min-cd-name"/></c> and |
1749 |
takes up only <keyval id="min-cd-size"/> MB of diskspace. You can use this |
1750 |
Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <e>only</e> with a working Internet |
1751 |
connection. |
1752 |
</p> |
1753 |
|
1754 |
<table> |
1755 |
<tr> |
1756 |
<th>Minimal Installation CD</th> |
1757 |
<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
1758 |
</tr> |
1759 |
<tr> |
1760 |
<th>+</th> |
1761 |
<ti>Smallest download</ti> |
1762 |
</tr> |
1763 |
<tr> |
1764 |
<th>-</th> |
1765 |
<ti> |
1766 |
Contains no stage3 tarball, no Portage snapshot, no prebuilt packages and |
1767 |
is therefore not suitable for networkless installation |
1768 |
</ti> |
1769 |
</tr> |
1770 |
</table> |
1771 |
|
1772 |
</body> |
1773 |
</subsection> |
1774 |
<subsection> |
1775 |
<title>The Stage3 Tarball</title> |
1776 |
<body> |
1777 |
|
1778 |
<p> |
1779 |
A stage3 tarball is an archive containing a minimal Gentoo environment, |
1780 |
suitable to continue the Gentoo installation using the instructions in this |
1781 |
manual. Previously, the Gentoo Handbook described the installation using one of |
1782 |
three stage tarballs. While Gentoo still offers stage1 and stage2 tarballs, the |
1783 |
official installation method uses the stage3 tarball. If you are interested in |
1784 |
performing a Gentoo installation using a stage1 or stage2 tarball, please read |
1785 |
the Gentoo FAQ on <uri link="/doc/en/faq.xml#stage12">How do I Install Gentoo |
1786 |
Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?</uri> |
1787 |
</p> |
1788 |
|
1789 |
<p> |
1790 |
Stage3 tarballs can be downloaded from <path><keyval |
1791 |
id="release-dir"/>stages/</path> on any of the <uri |
1792 |
link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">Official Gentoo Mirrors</uri> and are not provided |
1793 |
on the LiveCD. |
1794 |
</p> |
1795 |
|
1796 |
</body> |
1797 |
</subsection> |
1798 |
</section> |
1799 |
<section> |
1800 |
<title>Download, Burn and Boot a Gentoo Installation CD</title> |
1801 |
<subsection> |
1802 |
<title>Downloading and Burning the Installation CDs</title> |
1803 |
<body> |
1804 |
|
1805 |
<p> |
1806 |
You have chosen to use a Gentoo Installation CD. We'll first start by |
1807 |
downloading and burning the chosen Installation CD. We previously discussed |
1808 |
the several available Installation CDs, but where can you find them? |
1809 |
</p> |
1810 |
|
1811 |
<p> |
1812 |
You can download any of the Installation CDs from one of our <uri |
1813 |
link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri>. The Installation CDs are located in |
1814 |
the <path><keyval id="release-dir"/>installcd/</path> directory. |
1815 |
</p> |
1816 |
|
1817 |
<p> |
1818 |
Inside that directory you'll find ISO-files. Those are full CD images which you |
1819 |
can write on a CD-R. |
1820 |
</p> |
1821 |
|
1822 |
<p> |
1823 |
In case you wonder if your downloaded file is corrupted or not, you can check |
1824 |
its MD5 checksum and compare it with the MD5 checksum we provide (such as |
1825 |
<path><keyval id="min-cd-name"/>.DIGESTS</path>). You can check the MD5 |
1826 |
checksum with the <c>md5sum</c> tool under Linux/Unix or <uri |
1827 |
link="http://www.etree.org/md5com.html">md5sum</uri> for Windows. |
1828 |
</p> |
1829 |
|
1830 |
<p> |
1831 |
Another way to check the validity of the downloaded file is to use GnuPG to |
1832 |
verify the cryptographic signature that we provide (the file ending with |
1833 |
<path>.asc</path>). Download the signature file and obtain the public key: |
1834 |
</p> |
1835 |
|
1836 |
<pre caption="Obtaining the public key"> |
1837 |
$ <i>gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 17072058</i> |
1838 |
</pre> |
1839 |
|
1840 |
<p> |
1841 |
Now verify the signature: |
1842 |
</p> |
1843 |
|
1844 |
<pre caption="Verify the cryptographic signature"> |
1845 |
$ <i>gpg --verify <signature file> <downloaded iso></i> |
1846 |
</pre> |
1847 |
|
1848 |
<p> |
1849 |
To burn the downloaded ISO(s), you have to select raw-burning. How you |
1850 |
do this is highly program-dependent. We will discuss <c>cdrecord</c> and |
1851 |
<c>K3B</c> here; more information can be found in our <uri |
1852 |
link="/doc/en/faq.xml#isoburning">Gentoo FAQ</uri>. |
1853 |
</p> |
1854 |
|
1855 |
<ul> |
1856 |
<li> |
1857 |
With cdrecord, you simply type <c>cdrecord dev=/dev/hdc <downloaded iso |
1858 |
file></c> (replace <path>/dev/hdc</path> with your CD-RW drive's |
1859 |
device path). |
1860 |
</li> |
1861 |
<li> |
1862 |
With K3B, select <c>Tools</c> > <c>CD</c> > <c>Burn Image</c>. Then |
1863 |
you can locate your ISO file within the 'Image to Burn' area. Finally click |
1864 |
<c>Start</c>. |
1865 |
</li> |
1866 |
</ul> |
1867 |
|
1868 |
</body> |
1869 |
</subsection> |
1870 |
<subsection> |
1871 |
<title>Booting the Installation CD</title> |
1872 |
<body> |
1873 |
|
1874 |
<p> |
1875 |
Once you have burnt your installation CD, it is time to boot it. |
1876 |
Remove all CDs from your CD drives, and insert the Gentoo |
1877 |
InstallCD. Reboot your system and wait for the EFI firmware to load on |
1878 |
the console. The exact option to select will differ depending on your |
1879 |
hardware. |
1880 |
</p> |
1881 |
|
1882 |
<p> |
1883 |
Most implementations usually present an option directly on the first |
1884 |
menu (the EFI Boot Manager). The exact wording would differ but would |
1885 |
usually be something like "CD Boot", "Removable Media |
1886 |
Boot" or "Internal Bootable DVD". Select this option. |
1887 |
</p> |
1888 |
|
1889 |
<p> |
1890 |
If your EFI implementation does not present such an option, you can |
1891 |
boot the CD using the EFI Shell. All implementations will present an |
1892 |
option to enter the shell on the Boot Manager menu. Select this |
1893 |
option. The EFI Shell will display a list of usable block devices |
1894 |
(<c>blk<b>n</b>:</c>) and also a list of filesystems the EFI Shell |
1895 |
can actually access (<c>fs<b>n</b>:</c>). |
1896 |
</p> |
1897 |
|
1898 |
<p> |
1899 |
In most cases the option you want will be the <c>fs0:</c> choice; |
1900 |
regardless, (provided the CD drive recognizes the CD), you should |
1901 |
see one <c>fs<b>n</b></c> entry for your CD drive (the CD drive's |
1902 |
EFI device path will contain <c>CDROM</c> in the wording). Enter |
1903 |
<c>fs<b>n</b>:</c>, replacing <b>n</b> as required and including |
1904 |
the colon, followed by the Enter key. Next just type <c>elilo</c> |
1905 |
followed by the Enter key. |
1906 |
</p> |
1907 |
|
1908 |
<p> |
1909 |
You will now be greeted by the ELILO boot message and asked to |
1910 |
enter a kernel to boot as well as any additional options to pass |
1911 |
to the kernel command line. In most cases just hit the Enter key |
1912 |
or wait five seconds. Only one kernel is supplied on the IA64 |
1913 |
InstallCD, the <c>gentoo</c> kernel. |
1914 |
</p> |
1915 |
|
1916 |
<p> |
1917 |
Several kernel aliases are provided which add extra options to |
1918 |
the kernel command line, which you may have to use instead of |
1919 |
the default <c>gentoo</c> option depending on your hardware: |
1920 |
</p> |
1921 |
|
1922 |
<p> |
1923 |
The <c>gentoo-serial</c> option forces a serial console on the first |
1924 |
serial port (ttyS0) at 9600bps. This may be required on some older EFI |
1925 |
implementations where the kernel can't detect what console to use. You |
1926 |
should try this option if booting the default <c>gentoo</c> kernel |
1927 |
produces no output and if you are using a serial console. If you use a |
1928 |
serial console which is not connected to the first serial port you |
1929 |
must manually select the console by typing <c>gentoo |
1930 |
console=ttyS#,9600</c> where <c>#</c> is the number of the serial |
1931 |
port. You should <b>not</b> have to do this in normal circumstances, |
1932 |
this is only sometimes required for quirky EFI implementations. |
1933 |
</p> |
1934 |
|
1935 |
<p> |
1936 |
The <c>gentoo-sgi</c> option forces a serial console on the <c>ttySG0</c> |
1937 |
serial port at 115200bps. This should only be needed on SGI hardware, and |
1938 |
if the console is properly selected in the default EFI settings, or if you |
1939 |
are using a video console this option should not be required. |
1940 |
</p> |
1941 |
|
1942 |
</body> |
1943 |
<body> |
1944 |
|
1945 |
<p> |
1946 |
You can also provide kernel options. They represent optional settings |
1947 |
you can (de)activate at will. |
1948 |
</p> |
1949 |
|
1950 |
<pre caption="Options available to pass to your kernel of choice"> |
1951 |
- agpgart loads agpgart (use if you have graphic problems,lockups) |
1952 |
- ide=nodma force disabling of DMA for malfunctioning IDE devices |
1953 |
- doscsi scan for scsi devices (breaks some ethernet cards) |
1954 |
- dopcmcia starts pcmcia service for PCMCIA cdroms |
1955 |
- nofirewire disables firewire modules in initrd (for firewire cdroms,etc) |
1956 |
- nokeymap disables keymap selection for non-us keyboard layouts |
1957 |
- docache cache the entire runtime portion of CD in RAM, allows you |
1958 |
to umount /mnt/cdrom to mount another CD. |
1959 |
- nodetect causes hwsetup/kudzu and hotplug not to run |
1960 |
- nousb disables usb module load from initrd, disables hotplug |
1961 |
- nodhcp dhcp does not automatically start if nic detected |
1962 |
- nohotplug disables loading hotplug service |
1963 |
- noapic disable apic (try if having hardware problems nics,scsi,etc) |
1964 |
- noevms disable loading of EVMS2 modules |
1965 |
- nolvm2 disable loading of LVM2 modules |
1966 |
- noload=module1,[module2,[...]] |
1967 |
disable loading of specific kernel modules |
1968 |
</pre> |
1969 |
|
1970 |
<p> |
1971 |
You will then be greeted with a boot screen. If you are installing |
1972 |
Gentoo on a system with a non-US keyboard, make sure you select the |
1973 |
layout at the prompt. If no selection is made in 10 seconds the |
1974 |
default (US keyboard) will be accepted and the boot process will |
1975 |
continue. Once the boot process completes, you will be automatically |
1976 |
logged in to the "Live" Gentoo Linux as "root", the super user. You |
1977 |
should have a root ("#") prompt on the current console. If you are |
1978 |
using a video console and have a keyboard connected you can also |
1979 |
switch to other consoles by pressing Alt-F2, Alt-F3 and Alt-F4. Get |
1980 |
back to the one you started on by pressing Alt-F1. |
1981 |
</p> |
1982 |
|
1983 |
<p> |
1984 |
Now continue with <uri link="#hardware">Extra Hardware Configuration</uri>. |
1985 |
</p> |
1986 |
|
1987 |
</body> |
1988 |
</subsection> |
1989 |
<subsection id="hardware"> |
1990 |
<title>Extra Hardware Configuration</title> |
1991 |
<body> |
1992 |
|
1993 |
<p> |
1994 |
When the Installation CD boots, it tries to detect all your hardware devices |
1995 |
and loads the appropriate kernel modules to support your hardware. In the vast |
1996 |
majority of cases, it does a very good job. However, in some cases it may not |
1997 |
auto-load the kernel modules you need. If the PCI auto-detection missed some of |
1998 |
your system's hardware, you will have to load the appropriate kernel modules |
1999 |
manually. |
2000 |
</p> |
2001 |
|
2002 |
<p> |
2003 |
In the next example we try to load the <c>8139too</c> module (support for |
2004 |
certain kinds of network interfaces): |
2005 |
</p> |
2006 |
|
2007 |
<pre caption="Loading kernel modules"> |
2008 |
# <i>modprobe 8139too</i> |
2009 |
</pre> |
2010 |
|
2011 |
</body> |
2012 |
</subsection> |
2013 |
<subsection> |
2014 |
<title>Optional: Tweaking Hard Disk Performance</title> |
2015 |
<body> |
2016 |
|
2017 |
<p> |
2018 |
If you are an advanced user, you might want to tweak the IDE hard disk |
2019 |
performance using <c>hdparm</c>. With the <c>-tT</c> options you can |
2020 |
test the performance of your disk (execute it several times to get a |
2021 |
more precise impression): |
2022 |
</p> |
2023 |
|
2024 |
<pre caption="Testing disk performance"> |
2025 |
# <i>hdparm -tT /dev/hda</i> |
2026 |
</pre> |
2027 |
|
2028 |
<p> |
2029 |
To tweak, you can use any of the following examples (or experiment |
2030 |
yourself) which use <path>/dev/hda</path> as disk (substitute with your |
2031 |
disk): |
2032 |
</p> |
2033 |
|
2034 |
<pre caption="Tweaking hard disk performance"> |
2035 |
<comment>(Activate DMA:)</comment> |
2036 |
# <i>hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda</i> |
2037 |
|
2038 |
<comment>(Activate Safe Performance Options:)</comment> |
2039 |
# <i>hdparm -d 1 -A 1 -m 16 -u 1 -a 64 /dev/hda</i> |
2040 |
</pre> |
2041 |
|
2042 |
</body> |
2043 |
</subsection> |
2044 |
<subsection id="useraccounts"> |
2045 |
<title>Optional: User Accounts</title> |
2046 |
<body> |
2047 |
|
2048 |
<p> |
2049 |
If you plan on giving other people access to your installation |
2050 |
environment or you want to chat using <c>irssi</c> without root privileges (for |
2051 |
security reasons), you need to create the necessary user accounts and change |
2052 |
the root password. |
2053 |
</p> |
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|
2055 |
<p> |
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To change the root password, use the <c>passwd</c> utility: |
2057 |
</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Changing the root password"> |
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# <i>passwd</i> |
2061 |
New password: <comment>(Enter your new password)</comment> |
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Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter your password)</comment> |
2063 |
</pre> |
2064 |
|
2065 |
<p> |
2066 |
To create a user account, we first enter their credentials, followed by |
2067 |
its password. We use <c>useradd</c> and <c>passwd</c> for these tasks. |
2068 |
In the next example, we create a user called "john". |
2069 |
</p> |
2070 |
|
2071 |
<pre caption="Creating a user account"> |
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# <i>useradd -m -G users john</i> |
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# <i>passwd john</i> |
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New password: <comment>(Enter john's password)</comment> |
2075 |
Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter john's password)</comment> |
2076 |
</pre> |
2077 |
|
2078 |
<p> |
2079 |
You can change your user id from root to the newly created user by using |
2080 |
<c>su</c>: |
2081 |
</p> |
2082 |
|
2083 |
<pre caption="Changing user id"> |
2084 |
# <i>su - john</i> |
2085 |
</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Optional: Starting the SSH Daemon</title> |
2091 |
<body> |
2092 |
|
2093 |
<p> |
2094 |
If you want to allow other users to access your computer during the |
2095 |
Gentoo installation (perhaps because those users are going to help you |
2096 |
install Gentoo, or even do it for you), you need to create a user |
2097 |
account for them and perhaps even provide them with your root password |
2098 |
(<e>only</e> do that <e>if</e> you <b>fully trust</b> that user). |
2099 |
</p> |
2100 |
|
2101 |
<p> |
2102 |
To fire up the SSH daemon, execute the following command: |
2103 |
</p> |
2104 |
|
2105 |
<pre caption="Starting the SSH daemon"> |
2106 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/sshd start</i> |
2107 |
</pre> |
2108 |
|
2109 |
<p> |
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To be able to use sshd, you first need to set up your networking. Continue with |
2111 |
the chapter on <uri link="?part=1&chap=3">Configuring your Network</uri>. |
2112 |
</p> |
2113 |
|
2114 |
</body> |
2115 |
</subsection> |
2116 |
</section> |
2117 |
</sections> |
2118 |
|
2119 |
|
2120 |
|
2121 |
-- |
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gentoo-doc-cvs@g.o mailing list |