1 |
swift 11/08/23 17:31:34 |
2 |
|
3 |
Modified: hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml |
4 |
Log: |
5 |
Fix bug #370479 - Introduce partitioning with parted too (at least for x86/amd64) and mention the use case of >2TB |
6 |
|
7 |
Revision Changes Path |
8 |
1.15 xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml |
9 |
|
10 |
file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml?rev=1.15&view=markup |
11 |
plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml?rev=1.15&content-type=text/plain |
12 |
diff : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml?r1=1.14&r2=1.15 |
13 |
|
14 |
Index: hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml |
15 |
=================================================================== |
16 |
RCS file: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml,v |
17 |
retrieving revision 1.14 |
18 |
retrieving revision 1.15 |
19 |
diff -u -r1.14 -r1.15 |
20 |
--- hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml 22 Aug 2011 17:18:23 -0000 1.14 |
21 |
+++ hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml 23 Aug 2011 17:31:34 -0000 1.15 |
22 |
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ |
23 |
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
24 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
25 |
|
26 |
-<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml,v 1.14 2011/08/22 17:18:23 swift Exp $ --> |
27 |
+<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml,v 1.15 2011/08/23 17:31:34 swift Exp $ --> |
28 |
|
29 |
<sections> |
30 |
|
31 |
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ |
32 |
This chapter describes how to partition a disk for future usage. |
33 |
</abstract> |
34 |
|
35 |
-<version>7</version> |
36 |
-<date>2011-08-22</date> |
37 |
+<version>8</version> |
38 |
+<date>2011-08-23</date> |
39 |
|
40 |
<section> |
41 |
<title>Introduction to Block Devices</title> |
42 |
@@ -118,7 +118,10 @@ |
43 |
If you are interested in knowing how big a partition should be, or even how |
44 |
many partitions you need, read on. Otherwise continue now with partitioning |
45 |
your disk by reading <uri link="#fdisk">Using fdisk to Partition your |
46 |
-Disk</uri>. |
47 |
+Disk</uri> or <uri link="#parted">Using parted to Partition your Disk</uri> |
48 |
+(both are partitioning tools, <c>fdisk</c> is well known and stable, |
49 |
+<c>parted</c> is a bit more recent but supports partitions larger than |
50 |
+2TB). |
51 |
</p> |
52 |
|
53 |
</body> |
54 |
@@ -209,9 +212,16 @@ |
55 |
<subsection> |
56 |
<body> |
57 |
|
58 |
+<impo> |
59 |
+If your environment will deal with partitions larger than 2 TB, please |
60 |
+use the <uri link="#parted">Using parted to Partition your Disk</uri> |
61 |
+instructions instead. <c>fdisk</c> is not able to deal with larger |
62 |
+partitions. |
63 |
+</impo> |
64 |
+ |
65 |
<p> |
66 |
The following parts explain how to create the example partition layout |
67 |
-described previously, namely: |
68 |
+using <c>fdisk</c>. The example partition layout was mentioned earlier: |
69 |
</p> |
70 |
|
71 |
<table> |
72 |
@@ -466,6 +476,204 @@ |
73 |
</body> |
74 |
</subsection> |
75 |
</section> |
76 |
+<section id="parted"> |
77 |
+<title>Using parted to Partition your Disk</title> |
78 |
+<subsection> |
79 |
+<body> |
80 |
+ |
81 |
+<p> |
82 |
+In this chapter, we guide you through the creation of the example partition |
83 |
+layout mentioned earlier in the instructions. Unlike the previous chapter, we |
84 |
+describe the method using the <c>parted</c> application instead. Both |
85 |
+<c>parted</c> and <c>fdisk</c> offer the same functions, so if you partitioned |
86 |
+your system using <c>fdisk</c> already, you can skip this section and continue |
87 |
+with <uri link="#filesystems">Creating Filesystems</uri>. |
88 |
+</p> |
89 |
+ |
90 |
+<p> |
91 |
+The example partition layout we use is shown in the next table: |
92 |
+</p> |
93 |
+ |
94 |
+<table> |
95 |
+<tr> |
96 |
+ <th>Partition</th> |
97 |
+ <th>Description</th> |
98 |
+</tr> |
99 |
+<tr> |
100 |
+ <ti><path>/dev/sda1</path></ti> |
101 |
+ <ti>Boot partition</ti> |
102 |
+</tr> |
103 |
+<tr> |
104 |
+ <ti><path>/dev/sda2</path></ti> |
105 |
+ <ti>Swap partition</ti> |
106 |
+</tr> |
107 |
+<tr> |
108 |
+ <ti><path>/dev/sda3</path></ti> |
109 |
+ <ti>Root partition</ti> |
110 |
+</tr> |
111 |
+</table> |
112 |
+ |
113 |
+<p> |
114 |
+Change your partition layout according to your own preference. |
115 |
+</p> |
116 |
+ |
117 |
+</body> |
118 |
+</subsection> |
119 |
+<subsection> |
120 |
+<title>Viewing the Current Partition Layout</title> |
121 |
+<body> |
122 |
+ |
123 |
+<p> |
124 |
+The <c>parted</c> application is a somewhat more modern variant of |
125 |
+<c>fdisk</c>. It offers a simpler interface for partitioning your disks and |
126 |
+supports very large partitions (more than 2 TB). Fire up <c>parted</c> on your |
127 |
+disk (in our example, we use <path>/dev/sda</path>): |
128 |
+</p> |
129 |
+ |
130 |
+<pre caption="Starting parted"> |
131 |
+# <i>parted /dev/sda</i> |
132 |
+GNU Parted 2.3 |
133 |
+Using /dev/vda |
134 |
+Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. |
135 |
+</pre> |
136 |
+ |
137 |
+<p> |
138 |
+To find out about all options supported by <c>parted</c>, type <c>help</c> and |
139 |
+press return. For now, we just continue by asking <c>parted</c> to show the |
140 |
+partitions currently in use on the selected disk. The <c>print</c> command can |
141 |
+be used for that. |
142 |
+</p> |
143 |
+ |
144 |
+<pre caption="An example partition configuration shown by parted"> |
145 |
+(parted) <i>print</i> |
146 |
+Model: SCSI Block Device |
147 |
+Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB |
148 |
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B |
149 |
+Partition Table: msdos |
150 |
+ |
151 |
+Number Start End Size Type File system Flags |
152 |
+ 1 512B 2148MB 2148MB primary ext4 |
153 |
+ 2 2148MB 3222MB 1074MB primary linux-swap(v1) |
154 |
+ 3 3222MB 21.5GB 18.3GB primary lvm |
155 |
+</pre> |
156 |
+ |
157 |
+</body> |
158 |
+</subsection> |
159 |
+<subsection> |
160 |
+<title>Optional: Setting the GPT Label</title> |
161 |
+<body> |
162 |
+ |
163 |
+<p> |
164 |
+Most disks on x86/amd64 are prepared using an <e>msdos</e> label. However, if |
165 |
+you plan on creating huge partitions (2 TB and more), you must use a <e>gpt</e> |
166 |
+label (the <e>GUID Partition Type</e>) for your disk. Using <c>parted</c>, this |
167 |
+can be accomplished with <c>mklabel gpt</c>: |
168 |
+</p> |
169 |
+ |
170 |
+<warn> |
171 |
+Changing the partition type will remove all partitions from your disk. All data |
172 |
+on the disk will be lost. |
173 |
+</warn> |
174 |
+ |
175 |
+<pre caption="Setting the GPT label"> |
176 |
+(parted) <i>mklabel gpt</i> |
177 |
+</pre> |
178 |
+ |
179 |
+</body> |
180 |
+</subsection> |
181 |
+<subsection> |
182 |
+<title>Removing all Partitions</title> |
183 |
+<body> |
184 |
+ |
185 |
+<p> |
186 |
+If this isn't done yet (for instance through the <c>mklabel</c> operation |
187 |
+earlier, or because the disk is a freshly formatted one), we will first |
188 |
+remove all existing partitions from the disk. Type <c>rm <number></c> |
189 |
+where <number> is the partition you want to remove. |
190 |
+</p> |
191 |
+ |
192 |
+<pre caption="Removing a partition from the disk"> |
193 |
+(parted) <i>rm 2</i> |
194 |
+</pre> |
195 |
+ |
196 |
+<p> |
197 |
+Do the same for all other partitions that you don't need. However, make sure you |
198 |
+do not make any mistakes here - <c>parted</c> executes the changes immediate |
199 |
+(unlike <c>fdisk</c> which stages them, allowing a user to "undo" his changes |
200 |
+before saving or exiting <c>fdisk</c>). |
201 |
+</p> |
202 |
+ |
203 |
+</body> |
204 |
+</subsection> |
205 |
+<subsection> |
206 |
+<title>Creating the Partitions</title> |
207 |
+<body> |
208 |
+ |
209 |
+<p> |
210 |
+Now let's create the partitions we mentioned earlier. Creating partitions with |
211 |
+<c>parted</c> isn't very difficult - all we need to do is inform <c>parted</c> |
212 |
+about the following settings: |
213 |
+</p> |
214 |
+ |
215 |
+<ul> |
216 |
+ <li> |
217 |
+ The <e>partition type</e> to use. This usually is <e>primary</e> in case you |
218 |
+ are not going to have more than 4 partitions (with the <e>msdos</e> |
219 |
+ partition label). Otherwise, you will need to make your fourth partition an |
220 |
+ <e>extended</e> one which hosts the rest of the disk, and create |
221 |
+ <e>logical</e> partitions inside it. If you use a <e>gpt</e>-labeled |
222 |
+ partition, then there is no limit on the number of primary partitions. |
223 |
+ </li> |
224 |
+ <li> |
225 |
+ The <e>file system type</e> to use. The <c>parted</c> application supports |
226 |
+ most common file systems and knows which kind of partition ID it needs to |
227 |
+ use for these partitions. This does <e>not</e> mean that <c>parted</c> will |
228 |
+ create a file system on the partition (you can with the <c>mkpartfs</c> |
229 |
+ command, but we'll use the regular <c>mkfs.*</c> commands later for this |
230 |
+ purpose). The partition ID is often used by auto-detection tools to know |
231 |
+ what to do with a particular partition. |
232 |
+ </li> |
233 |
+ <li> |
234 |
+ The start location of a partition (which can be expressed in MB or GB) |
235 |
+ </li> |
236 |
+ <li> |
237 |
+ The end location of the partition (which can be expressed in MB or GB) |
238 |
+ </li> |
239 |
+</ul> |
240 |
+ |
241 |
+<p> |
242 |
+One advantage of <c>parted</c> is that you can easily just use the partition |
243 |
+sizes to automatically find the correct start and end location as you will see |
244 |
+in the next example. |
245 |
+</p> |
246 |
+ |
247 |
+<pre caption="Creating the partitions"> |
248 |
+<comment># Create a 32 mbyte /boot partition</comment> |
249 |
+(parted) <i>mkpart primary ext2 0 32mb</i> |
250 |
+Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. |
251 |
+Ignore/Cancel? <i>i</i> |
252 |
+ |
253 |
+<comment># Create a 512 mbyte swap partition</comment> |
254 |
+(parted) <i>mkpart primary linux-swap 32mb 542mb</i> |
255 |
+ |
256 |
+<comment># Create a partition that spans the remaining disk. |
257 |
+# -1s (minus one s) means the end of the disk</comment> |
258 |
+(parted) <i>mkpart primary ext4 542mb -1s</i> |
259 |
+Warning: You requested a partition from 542MB to 21.5GB. |
260 |
+The closest location we can manage is 542MB to 21.5GB. |
261 |
+Is this still acceptable to you? |
262 |
+Yes/No? <i>y</i> |
263 |
+</pre> |
264 |
+ |
265 |
+<p> |
266 |
+You can now <c>print</c> the partition layout again to validate if everything is |
267 |
+as expected. When you are satisfied, use the <c>quit</c> command to exit |
268 |
+<c>parted</c>. |
269 |
+</p> |
270 |
+ |
271 |
+</body> |
272 |
+</subsection> |
273 |
+</section> |
274 |
<section id="filesystems"> |
275 |
<title>Creating Filesystems</title> |
276 |
<subsection> |