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tetromino 12/12/28 05:58:00 |
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Added: gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml |
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Log: |
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Add gnome-3.6 upgrade guide. |
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|
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Revision Changes Path |
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1.1 xml/htdocs/proj/en/desktop/gnome/howtos/gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml |
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|
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file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/htdocs/proj/en/desktop/gnome/howtos/gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
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plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/htdocs/proj/en/desktop/gnome/howtos/gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
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|
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Index: gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/proj/en/desktop/gnome/howtos/gnome-3.6-upgrade.xml,v 1.1 2012/12/28 05:58:00 tetromino Exp $ --> |
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|
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<guide lang="en"> |
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<title>GNOME 3.6 Upgrade Guide</title> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="tetromino"/> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This is a guide for upgrading from GNOME 2.32.x or 3.4.x to GNOME 3.6.x |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>0.1</version> |
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<date>2012-12-28</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>General changes</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Please see the <uri link="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.6/">GNOME |
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3.6 Release Notes</uri> for what is new in this major release of GNOME. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p>Current users of GNOME 2 would also want to glance at the release notes for |
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<uri link="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/">3.0</uri>, |
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<uri link="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/">3.2</uri>, and |
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<uri link="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.0/">3.4</uri>. |
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Briefly: GNOME 3 includes two desktop modes—standard and fallback. |
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Fallback mode uses <c>gnome-base/gnome-panel</c> and <c>x11-wm/metacity</c>, and |
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is similar in appearance and behavior to GNOME 2. Standard mode uses |
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<c>gnome-base/gnome-shell</c> and <c>x11-wm/mutter</c>, and looks and behaves |
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<e>completely</e> differently from GNOME 2 releases. By default, the |
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choice of desktop mode is determined by the system's graphics hardware and |
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drivers (standard mode requires modern 3D graphics capabilities). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p>There is a <uri link="https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/Tour">quick |
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tour</uri> of standard mode's GNOME Shell available on the GNOME website. |
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For an in-depth guide to using GNOME Shell, see |
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<uri link="https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet">the GNOME Shell |
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cheat sheet</uri>. GNOME Shell at first may feel alien and limited to an |
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experienced GNOME 2 user. We strongly encourage users to persist and make |
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themselves use it for a few days; those who take the time to get used to GNOME |
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Shell's behavior usually grow to love it and don't want to go back to a |
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GNOME 2-like desktop environment. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Changes affecting current GNOME 3.4 or GNOME 2 users</title> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Keyboard layouts and input methods</title> |
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<body> |
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<p>GNOME 3.6 does not use traditional <c>xorg.conf</c> keyboard layout settings. |
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Instead, keyboard layouts and input methods are configured via <c>ibus</c> |
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which is integrated into GNOME Shell.</p> |
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|
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<p>To add a keyboard layout, open System Settings (or <path>gnome-control-center</path> |
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from the terminal) and go to <e>Region & Language → Input Sources</e>.</p> |
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|
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<p>Unfortunately, in GNOME 3.6 the System Settings GUI does not allow setting |
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the usual shortcuts (e.g. <c>Alt Shift</c>) for switching keyboard layouts. |
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Users who use multiple keyboard layouts and need to switch between them from |
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the keyboard will need to use <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> and select their desired |
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shortcut from the <e>Typing → Modifiers-only input sources switcher shortcut</e> |
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menu. Alternatively, from a terminal:</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Use left Alt Shift to switch between keyboard layouts"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.keyboard input-sources-switcher alt-shift-l</i> |
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</pre> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Suspend menu item</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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GNOME Shell 3.6 (unlike earlier GNOME 3 releases) always shows a <e>Power Off</e> |
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menu item by default in the upper-right corner menu. However (unlike earlier GNOME |
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releases) it now <uri |
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link="http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.6/users-user-menu.html.en">no |
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longer shows a Suspend menu item</uri> by default. The <e>Suspend</e> menu item |
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becomes visible after clicking on the upper right corner menu and holding down |
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the <c>Alt</c> key. Laptops can also be suspended simply by shutting the lid. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need an easily discoverable GUI for suspending the machine, you can install |
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the alternative-status-menu extension. To do so, emerge |
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<c>gnome-extra/gnome-shell-extensions</c> and run</p> |
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<pre caption="Enabling the alternative-status-menu extension"> |
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# <i>eselect gnome-shell-extensions enable 'alternative-status-menu@××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.org'</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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to enable the extension for all users by default, or use <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> |
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(<e>Shell Extensions</e> tab) to enable it on a per-user basis. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Evolution 3.6 plugins</title> |
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<body> |
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<p>Current versions of <c>evolution-exchange</c> and <c>evolution-groupwise</c> |
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are incompatible with Evolution 3.6, and you will need to uninstall them before |
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upgrading to GNOME 3.6. Users of <c>evolution-exchange</c> should try switching |
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to <c>evolution-ews</c>.</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Changes affecting current GNOME 2 users</title> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Languages and encodings</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 obtains user language settings from <c>sys-apps/accountsservice</c>. |
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The language can be set in GNOME from the <e>My Account</e> entry in the upper |
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right corner menu. Alternatively, you can directly edit AccountsService user |
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files. For example, to have user <c>jrandom</c> use British English, you can |
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(as root) edit <path>/var/lib/AccountsService/users/jrandom</path> so it reads |
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the following: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Simple example of an AccountsService user file"> |
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[User] |
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Language=en_GB.utf8 |
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</pre> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Fonts</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 uses <c>media-fonts/cantarell</c> as its default font. Unfortunately, |
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Cantarell currently only includes a subset of Latin and Cyrillic characters. |
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Users of languages with alphabetic writing systems which are not yet covered by |
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Cantarell will probably want to switch to another font, such as |
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<c>media-fonts/dejavu</c>. This can be done using <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> |
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(<e>Fonts</e> tab), or from the terminal: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Set DejaVu (size 10) as the default font"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name 'DejaVu Sans 10'</i> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface document-font-name 'DejaVu Sans 10'</i> |
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$ <i>gconftool-2 -s -t string /apps/metacity/general/titlebar_font 'DejaVu Sans Bold 10'</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Applets</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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GNOME 2 applets cannot be used in GNOME 3. Fallback mode allows applets, |
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although some have not yet been ported to the new, gtk3-based APIs. In |
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standard mode, there are no applets at all. Some traditional applet |
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functionality can be replicated using third-party GNOME Shell extensions. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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In order to manage fallback gnome-panel settings (either add/remove or rearrange |
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applet positions) one has to hold down the <c>Alt</c> key when clicking |
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on the panel. This opens relevant menu for changing either panel or applet |
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settings. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Suspend on laptop lid close</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 will, by default, suspend a laptop when the lid is closed. If you |
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do not like this behavior, you can change it via the <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> |
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GUI (<e>Shell</e> tab), or using <c>gsettings</c> from the terminal: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Only turn off the screen when laptop lid is closed on AC power"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power lid-close-ac-action blank</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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One of the most common reasons for not wanting to suspend on laptop lid close |
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is to carry a laptop to another room without losing the network connection. To |
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do so, you can install <c>gnome-extra/office-runner</c>, which allows temporarily |
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inhibiting GNOME's suspend-on-lid-close behavior for up to 10 minutes. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Icons on the desktop</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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In GNOME 3, Nautilus by default no longer manages the desktop, and the |
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<path>~/Desktop</path> folder is simply treated as a normal folder with files. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you want to have Nautilus manage the desktop like in GNOME 2, you can change |
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the corresponding setting in the <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> GUI (<e>Desktop</e> tab), |
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or use the <c>gsettings</c> command from the terminal: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Making Nautilus manage the desktop"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Compiz</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 standard mode (i.e. GNOME Shell) is incompatible with Compiz. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>PulseAudio</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 requires <c>media-sound/pulseaudio</c> for audio support. Ensure that |
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you have the <c>pulseaudio</c> USE flag enabled globally (it will be enabled by |
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default if you use the <c>desktop/gnome</c> portage profile). For troubleshooting |
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PulseAudio problems, see |
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<uri link="http://www.pulseaudio.org/wiki/Documentation">documentation on pulseaudio.org</uri>. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Touchpad and other input device customization</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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In GNOME 3.6, if you have "disable touchpad while typing" selected, the touchpad |
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will be disabled for 1 second after a keyboard key is pressed. In GNOME 2, |
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this interval was 500 milliseconds. If you like to disable the touchpad |
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while typing, but prefer the shorter timeout interval like in GNOME 2, you can |
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emerge <c>gnome-base/gnome-settings-daemon</c> with the |
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<c>short-touchpad-timeout</c> USE flag enabled. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 allows setting a custom command for advanced customization of input |
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device settings. For example, suppose that you want to configure your touchpad |
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to enable two-finger scrolling (both vertical and horizontal) <e>and</e> edge |
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scrolling (vertical only). You could do |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting a new GNOME input device hotplug script"> |
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$ <i>cp /usr/share/gnome-settings-daemon-3.0/input-device-example.sh ~/input-device.sh</i> |
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$ <i>chmod +x ~/input-device.sh</i> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.input-devices hotplug-command ~/input-device.sh</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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and edit <path>input-device.sh</path> so it ends as follows: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption=""> |
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# If the device is a touchpad ... |
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if [[ -z "${device#*TouchPad*}" ]]; then |
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# ... enable two-finger scrolling (vertical and horizontal) ... |
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xinput set-prop "${device}" "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 1 1 |
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# ... and edge scrolling (vertical only, no horizontal, no coasting) ... |
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xinput set-prop "${device}" "Synaptics Edge Scrolling" 1 0 0 |
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fi |
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# All further processing will be disabled if $retval == 0 |
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exit $retval |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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If the custom hotplug command does not terminate with exit value 0, |
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<c>gnome-settings-daemon</c> will set its own settings on the input device, |
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likely clobbering the settings that the hotplug command had changed. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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If, for whatever reason, you want to completely prevent GNOME 3 from |
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automatically modifying your mouse and touchpad settings (note that this will |
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<e>also</e> prevent custom input hotplug commands, such as |
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<path>input-device.sh</path> above, from modifying mice and touchpads!), you |
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can run the following: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Prevent GNOME from managing the mouse and touchpad"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.mouse active false</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>General configurability and extensions</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME 3 is designed to appear significantly less configurable than GNOME 2. |
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For example, by default there is no easily discoverable GUI for changing the |
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Gtk+ theme. Many configuration settings are hidden, but can still be changed |
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using the <c>gnome-extra/gnome-tweak-tool</c> GUI, or from gsettings (can be |
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explored using <c>dconf-editor</c>, part of <c>gnome-base/dconf</c>) or gconf |
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(can be explored using <c>gnome-extra/gconf-editor</c>). |
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Discussion of most of these settings is outside the scope of this guide. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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GNOME Shell's behavior can be significantly altered using <uri |
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link="https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/Extensions">extensions</uri>. Gentoo |
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packages the extensions from the official GNOME repository as |
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<c>gnome-extra/gnome-shell-extensions</c>. GNOME Shell comes with a browser |
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plugin that allows users to install extensions from the |
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<uri>https://extensions.gnome.org/</uri> web interface; there are also numerous |
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developers publishing extensions on various third-party websites. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Gentoo uses <c>eselect gnome-shell-extensions</c> to manage system defaults that |
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control whether extensions that were installed systemwide (i.e. in |
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<path>/usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions</path>) should be enabled. |
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Newly-installed systemwide extensions start out disabled by default. |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Enabling alternative status menu and dock extensions by default for all users"> |
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# <i>eselect gnome-shell-extensions enable \</i> |
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<i>alternative-status-menu@××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.org dock@××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.org</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Defaults managed by <c>eselect gnome-shell-extensions</c> can be overridden on a |
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per-user basis using the <uri link="https://extensions.gnome.org/">extensions.gnome.org</uri> |
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web interface, via <c>gnome-tweak-tool</c> (<e>Shell Extensions</e> tab), or |
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from the command line using <c>gsettings</c>. For example, to load the |
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alternative status menu and dock extensions, and disabling all other extensions, |
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a user can run |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Enabling alternative status menu and dock extensions (and disabling all others!) for the current user"> |
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$ <i>gsettings set org.gnome.shell enabled-extensions \</i> |
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<i>'["alternative-status-menu@××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.org", "dock@××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.org"]'</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<impo> |
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Extension code quality is highly variable. Some extensions contain memory leaks |
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and others can render GNOME completely unusable. Gentoo cannot offer support for |
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problems caused by third-party extensions. |
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</impo> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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|
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</chapter> |
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</guide> |
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