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Author: fauli |
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Date: 2009-07-02 08:28:30 +0000 (Thu, 02 Jul 2009) |
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New Revision: 1283 |
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|
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Added: |
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emacsguide/ |
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emacsguide/emacsguide.xml |
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Log: |
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temporary location for Emacs user guide, provided by Marc Murphy |
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|
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Added: emacsguide/emacsguide.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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--- emacsguide/emacsguide.xml (rev 0) |
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+++ emacsguide/emacsguide.xml 2009-07-02 08:28:30 UTC (rev 1283) |
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@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@ |
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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+<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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+<!-- $Header$ --> |
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+ |
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+<guide link="/doc/en/emacsguide.xml" lang="en"> |
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+ <title>GNU Emacs Introduction</title> |
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+ |
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+ <author title="Author"> |
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+ <mail link="clock_cycles@×××××.com">Marc Murphy</mail> |
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+ </author> |
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+ <author title="Contributor"> |
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+ <mail link="fauli@g.o">Christian Faulhammer</mail> |
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+ </author> |
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+ |
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+ <abstract> |
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+ This guide is meant to be a nice introduction to GNU Emacs in Gentoo. |
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+ </abstract> |
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+ |
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+ <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA |
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+ license --> |
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+ <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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+ <license/> |
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+ |
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+ <version>0.44</version> |
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+ <date>2009-07-02</date> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Installation and setup</title> |
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+ <section> |
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+ <title>Installing</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>First, you must install Emacs.</p> |
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+ |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ # emerge --pretend --verbose app-editors/emacs |
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+ </pre> |
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+ <!-- find /usr/portage/profiles/use.local* -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -e grep -nH -e emacs --> |
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+ <table> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <th>Flag</th> |
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+ <th>Description</th> |
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+ <th>Notes</th> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>alsa</ti> |
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+ <ti>Determine if ALSA should be used</ti> |
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+ <ti>Emacs autodetects ALSA. That test is removed by the ebuild if |
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+ the flag is not set. This is for cases where ALSA is installed but |
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+ the user does not wish support for it in Emacs.</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>dbus</ti> |
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+ <ti>Make Emacs D-Bus aware (Emacs 23 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>gif</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for GIF images.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>gpm</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for console-based mouse driver (Emacs 23 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>gtk</ti> |
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+ <ti>Use the GIMP Toolkit (GTK+) as windowing toolkit (menu bar |
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+ etc.)</ti> |
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+ <ti>When this toolkit is activated along with alternative ones (see |
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+ other USE flags), GTK+ is chosen. This is in sync with upstream's |
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+ wishes.</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>gzip-el</ti> |
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+ <ti>Zip up all el files.</ti> |
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+ <ti>The zip binary is autodetected. So even when this USE flag is |
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+ disabled but the binary is found, all el files will be compressed. |
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+ The ebuild takes of that care by confusing the configure |
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+ script.</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>hesiod</ti> |
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+ <ti>Use the Hesiod name service system.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>jpeg</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for JPEG images.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>kerberos</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for the Kerberos network authentication protocol.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>leim</ti> |
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+ <ti>Extended methods for input encodings (Emacs 21 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>m17n-lib</ti> |
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+ <ti>Use the m17n-lib multilingual library for complex text layout, |
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+ e.g. for Indic scripts (Emacs 23 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti>Only available if "xft" is enabled too.</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>motif</ti> |
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+ <ti>A windowing toolkit.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>nls</ti> |
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+ <ti>This makes use of gettext, an easy way to provide translations |
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+ of strings (Emacs 21 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>png</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for PNG images.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>sendmail</ti> |
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+ <ti>Build with support for mail transfer agent (Emacs 21 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>sound</ti> |
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+ <ti>Control the availability of sound support.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>source</ti> |
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+ <ti>Install the C source files and make them available in the |
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+ internal documentation system of GNU Emacs.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>svg</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for SVG images (Emacs 23 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>tiff</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for TIFF images.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>toolkit-scroll-bars</ti> |
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+ <ti>Instead of the internal scroll bars, the ones from the windowing |
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+ toolkit are used.</ti> |
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+ <ti>You will lose some functionality (split windows by clicking on |
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+ the scroll bar for example).</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>X</ti> |
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+ <ti>Let Emacs use an X session if available. Text mode can always |
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+ be forced.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>Xaw3d</ti> |
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+ <ti>A windowing toolkit.</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>xft</ti> |
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+ <ti>Choose an alternative font renderer (Emacs 23 only).</ti> |
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+ <ti></ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ <tr> |
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+ <ti>xpm</ti> |
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+ <ti>Support for XPM images.</ti> |
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+ <ti>If disabled, all logos, icons etc. in Emacs are displayed in |
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+ grayscale. This flag is forced through EAPI 1 features.</ti> |
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+ </tr> |
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+ </table> |
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+ <p> |
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+ You could unpack the Emacs sources and run <c>./configure |
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+ --help</c> to see the optional support. If you don't use the X |
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+ or gtk flags, you will rely on the keyboard to use Emacs. |
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+ Otherwise, <c>emacs -nw</c> is the terminal mode. |
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+ </p> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </section> |
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+ <section> |
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+ <title>Eselect</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <pre caption="Eselect"> |
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+ # emerge app-admin/eselect |
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+ # eselect emacs list |
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+ Available Emacs symlink targets: |
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+ [1] emacs-22 |
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+ [2] emacs-23 * |
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+ # eselect emacs set 1 |
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+ Switching emacs to emacs-22 ... |
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+ Switching ctags to exuberant-ctags ... |
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+ Switching etags to etags-emacs-22 ... |
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+ # eselect emacs list |
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+ Available Emacs symlink targets: |
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+ [1] emacs-22 * |
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+ [2] emacs-23 |
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+ </pre> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </section> |
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+ <section> |
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+ <title>Client/Server</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p> |
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+ Emacs can work as a server for emacsclient. To use this type M-x |
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+ server-start in a running Emacs session. Then it's <c>emacsclient |
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+ file1 file2 file3</c> to edit your files or mail. |
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+ </p> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </section> |
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+ <section> |
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+ <title>Modes</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p> |
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+ Some types of files have modes created for them. If you edit |
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+ Python or PHP code, this piece of information is for you. This |
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+ is a convenient way to install elisp files (.el and |
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+ byte-compiled .elc) thanks to the Emacs team! This is done as |
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+ root. Note the # prompt. |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ # emerge --pretend --verbose app-emacs/python-mode |
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+ # emerge --pretend --verbose app-emacs/php-mode |
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+ Cscope can work with Emacs very conveniently. |
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+ # echo "dev-util/cscope emacs" >> /etc/portage/package.use |
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+ That will append the quoted text to the file "/etc/portage/package.use". |
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+ # emerge dev-util/cscope |
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+ </pre> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </section> |
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+ <section> |
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+ <title>Built-in tutorial</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>There is a tutorial for Emacs available.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ M-x help-with-tutorial |
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+ </pre> |
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+ <p> |
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+ That is Meta then x. The Meta key is escape or possibly Alt. Next |
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+ you need to type help and use tab twice to see the completions. |
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+ </p> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </section> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Dired</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>Lets start by looking at some files.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ Control-x, control-f, enter |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <p> |
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+ Now you have dired, the directory editor. When you press enter on |
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+ directories, you traverse the file structure. It is possible to |
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+ quickly back up the tree with ^, shift-6. Over the course of editing, |
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+ you may open many files. |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ Control-x, control-b |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <p>That will split your screen and show the buffers that are open. When you want to split the screen, use control-x followed by a number.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ C-x 0 <comment>This makes the current buffer go away.</comment> |
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+ C-x 1 <comment>This makes the current buffer take full screen.</comment> |
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+ C-x 2 <comment>This will initiate the split and you can browse two different parts of a file.</comment> |
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+ C-x 3 <comment>This is useful if you have a wide screen.</comment> |
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+ </pre> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Invoking Processes</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>Emacs can start subprocesses, like a shell or a debugger or even find and grep.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ <p>M-x shell</p> |
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+ <p>M-x gdb</p> |
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+ <p>M-x find-grep</p> |
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+ <figure link="emacs.jpg" short="Find and Grep" caption="Search in Emacs"/> |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <note>Emacs can be used on compressed text in the gzip and bzip2 formats by invoking decompressors.</note> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Emacs and Bash Equivalents</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>Bash has some keystrokes in common with Emacs. You can search |
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+ your shell history with control-r but not control-s. If you try |
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+ control-s in bash, it will hide your typing. You can type |
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+ control-q to see input to bash again. To cancel a search, type |
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+ control-g. Just like Emacs, you can kill text several times with |
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+ control-k and get it back with control-y. You can then use |
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+ escape-y repetitions. You can suspend Emacs with control-z. Try |
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+ the jobs command to see what is suspended. Then type fg or fg 1 |
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+ to get back to Emacs.</p> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Speedbar for Debugging and Navigation</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p> |
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+ If you're coding C, and you use <c>gcc -g</c> for debugging |
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+ symbols, Emacs can split your screen and follow the current line |
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+ of source code. If you use Emacs with X try speedbar. |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ M-x speedbar |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <p> |
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+ Now watch variables change just like any other development |
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+ environment. You could also browse directories in speedbar or do |
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+ other things by right-clicking. |
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+ </p> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Complete Text</title> |
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+ <body> |
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+ <p>Now is where some completion becomes useful. There is M-/ to complete a string and also some elisp that does much more.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ M-x hippie-expand |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <p> |
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+ This has try-expand-list, try-expand-line, |
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+ try-complete-file-name and many other things. It will cycle |
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+ through trying to match what is immediately on the left of the |
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+ cursor. It is much nicer to bind this to a key. |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ M-x global-set-key |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <p>This could be persistent in a .emacs file.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ $ echo "(global-set-key [(f2)] 'hippie-expand)" >> ~/.emacs.d/init.el |
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+ </pre> |
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+ |
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+ <note><c>man man</c> has this tip: (global-set-key [(f1)] (lambda () (interactive) (manual-entry (current-word))))</note> |
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+ </body> |
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+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
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+ <title>Emacs Lisp</title> |
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+ <p> |
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+ You could use the lisp interpreter to make lists or do some |
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+ simple math. Type these in and then type control-x, control-e |
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+ with the cursor at the end of them. Watch the minibuffer at the |
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+ bottom of the screen. |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ <p>(list 'a 'b 'c)</p> |
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+ <p>(+ 1 2 3)</p> |
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+ <p>(* (* 2 2) (/ 22 7))</p> |
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+ <p>(message "%s" "This is an introduction to using Emacs in Gentoo.")</p> |
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+ </pre> |
| 387 |
+ <p> |
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+ Understanding how to navigate the cursor over lists is quite |
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+ useful. With the cursor pointed on a [, (, or {, use M-C-f to |
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+ go to the end. Use M-C-b to go to the beginning of the list. |
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+ That is escape, control-f and escape, control-b |
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+ respectively. |
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+ </p> |
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+ |
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+ <p>You could load your elisp.</p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
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+ M-x load-file |
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+ </pre> |
| 399 |
+ |
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+ <p> |
| 401 |
+ Now, you may want to clean up your code or make replacements in a |
| 402 |
+ function. Click and drag or use control-space to set a mark. |
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+ </p> |
| 404 |
+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 405 |
+ M-x transient-mark-mode |
| 406 |
+ </pre> |
| 407 |
+ |
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+ <p> |
| 409 |
+ That will toggle the highlighting of selected text. Now, M-% will |
| 410 |
+ prompt you to search and replace or query-replace. Also, |
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+ global-font-lock-mode will toggle the syntax highlighting; |
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+ indent-region will nicely indent nested code blocks or HTML. A quick |
| 413 |
+ comment comes from M-; or escape-semicolon. |
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+ </p> |
| 415 |
+ </chapter> |
| 416 |
+ |
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+ <chapter> |
| 418 |
+ <title>More Dired</title> |
| 419 |
+ <p>Now you may wish to do replacements in many files.</p> |
| 420 |
+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 421 |
+ <p>M-x dired<TAB><TAB></p> |
| 422 |
+ <p>M-x command-apropos <comment>This can show any dired command.</comment></p> |
| 423 |
+ </pre> |
| 424 |
+ |
| 425 |
+ <p>Now you see what is available. Here is one strategy.</p> |
| 426 |
+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 427 |
+ <p>M-x find-grep-dired</p> |
| 428 |
+ <p>%-m c$ <comment>This will mark C sources or filenames ending in c.</comment></p> |
| 429 |
+ <p>M-x dired-do-query-replace-regexp</p> |
| 430 |
+ </pre> |
| 431 |
+ </chapter> |
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+ |
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+ <chapter> |
| 434 |
+ <title>Remove Comments</title> |
| 435 |
+ <p> |
| 436 |
+ One common thing for Gentoo users is to strip comments from |
| 437 |
+ configuration files. This is convenient in Emacs with flush-lines |
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+ </p> |
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+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 440 |
+ <p>M-x flush-lines</p> |
| 441 |
+ <p>^#</p> |
| 442 |
+ <p> That will match lines beginning with a # which is a comment in most /etc configuration files.</p> |
| 443 |
+ </pre> |
| 444 |
+ </chapter> |
| 445 |
+ |
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+ <chapter> |
| 447 |
+ <title>Ediff</title> |
| 448 |
+ <p> |
| 449 |
+ Since Gentoo respects your /etc/ configuration files, you may |
| 450 |
+ like <c>ediff</c> for file foo and ._cfg0000_foo. |
| 451 |
+ </p> |
| 452 |
+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 453 |
+ <p> |
| 454 |
+ You could run M-x find-dired with an argument like this: -name |
| 455 |
+ \._cfg* |
| 456 |
+ </p> |
| 457 |
+ <p>Control-x, control-f, control-a, control-k, /etc, enter.</p> |
| 458 |
+ <p>M-x ediff</p> |
| 459 |
+ </pre> |
| 460 |
+ </chapter> |
| 461 |
+ |
| 462 |
+ |
| 463 |
+ <chapter> |
| 464 |
+ <title>Macros</title> |
| 465 |
+ <p> |
| 466 |
+ An introduction to Emacs would not be complete without a section |
| 467 |
+ on macros. This is "Editor MACroS". In a buffer, type |
| 468 |
+ control-x, ( to begin. Then type what you want in the macro. |
| 469 |
+ You are recording keystrokes. Now type control-x, ) to finish |
| 470 |
+ the macro. Naming the macro is next with M-x |
| 471 |
+ name-last-kbd-macro. You could insert-kbd-macro into a .emacs |
| 472 |
+ file if you find it very useful. Perhaps you want to use that |
| 473 |
+ macro 10 times in a row. This is awkward, but control-u, 10, |
| 474 |
+ M-x mymacro. |
| 475 |
+ </p> |
| 476 |
+ </chapter> |
| 477 |
+ |
| 478 |
+ <chapter> |
| 479 |
+ <title>Sample .emacs</title> |
| 480 |
+ <pre caption="Code Sample"> |
| 481 |
+ <p>$ cat ~/.emacs.d/init.el</p> |
| 482 |
+ <p>(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8)</p> |
| 483 |
+ <p>(setq transient-mark-mode t)</p> |
| 484 |
+ <p>(show-paren-mode t)</p> |
| 485 |
+ <p>(setq column-number-mode t)</p> |
| 486 |
+ <p>(global-set-key [(f5)] (lambda() (interactive) (woman (current-word))))</p> |
| 487 |
+ <p>(global-set-key [(f6)] 'hippie-expand)</p> |
| 488 |
+ <p>(global-set-key [(f7)] 'replace-regexp)</p> |
| 489 |
+ <p>(global-set-key [(f8)] 'flush-lines)</p> |
| 490 |
+ <p>(global-set-key [(f9)] 'dired-do-delete)</p> |
| 491 |
+ <p></p> |
| 492 |
+ <p># cat /root/.emacs.d/init.el</p> |
| 493 |
+ <p>(load "/home/username/.emacs.d/init.el")</p> |
| 494 |
+ </pre> |
| 495 |
+ </chapter> |
| 496 |
+ |
| 497 |
+</guide> |
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