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Give this a read :) All about case sensitivity. |
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----- Forwarded message from Rudi Chiarito <rudi@×××××.com> ----- |
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To: open@×××××.com |
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 17:44:25 -0600 |
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From: Rudi Chiarito <rudi@×××××.com> |
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Subject: AMIOPEN: Re: System case (in)sensitivity. |
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On Fri, Feb 16, 2001 at 11:37:38AM -0800, Joe Kiniry wrote: |
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> 1. The majority of written human languages (spoken, mathematical, and |
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> symbolic) do differentiate characters with a notion of "case". Some also |
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> differentiate with other typographic notions; font characteristics in |
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> mathematics as the primary example. |
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|
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They make the distinction for different reasons, though. |
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Most natural languages actually don't. It's only languages derived from |
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European scripts (Roman, Greek) that do it. Even for those, it's a fairly |
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recent development. If you look at the wonderful inscriptions (often a |
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work of art of their own) on any monument from Classic Greece or Ancient |
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Rome, you'll see that all of them are in uppercase. The modern Greek |
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small letters didn't exist before the 9th century, when the Byzantine |
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minuscule script was introduced. Such script, based on cursive styles |
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that scribes had developed through the centuries, with time evolved into |
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the lowercase characters we frequently use in e.g. trigonometry. Same |
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with the Roman script: it was Charlemagne's reforms around the 9th |
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century that brought the Carolingian Minuscule script, which is the basis |
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for today's scripts. |
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|
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Johann Gutenberg's invention of printing happened at a time when |
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scholars, in the context of Humanism, had reformed scripts with the |
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explicit purpose of improving both legibility and aestethics. Thus, |
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printers like William Caxton in England or Aldus Manutius in Venice, when |
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creating their own models, relied heavily on what was common in those |
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days, i.e. Humanist scripts, which descended from Carolingian Minuscule |
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(something similar occurred with models for Greek text). Printing was a |
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major factor in making minuscules widely accepted, because one of their |
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main advantages, compared to older or Gothic scripts, is excellent |
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legibility even at small sizes and that was a desirable feature for |
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printers (the smaller the type, the more costs went down). |
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|
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All of the above to say that it was calligraphy to bring us capital and |
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small letters. Caesar and Romans of his time did just fine with capital |
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letters only. We have rules today that we are taught to follow in school, |
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yes, but they're not essential for communication. When text is sent as a |
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telegram, in Morse code or as a SMS message (because it's already enough |
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of a pain to write on a cellular phone a message with the proper letters, |
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let alone with proper case), we still understand what the sender meant, |
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even if it's all in uppercase. |
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|
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Interestingly enough, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Hebrew, Hindi, etc. do |
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not feature any notion of anything resembling cases - Japanese has |
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furiganas and half-width characters, but I'm not sure if they could be |
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considered the same. The only language not descending from European |
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scripts to use something like case is Javanese - they use "their |
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uppercase" for proper names, with the difference that their capital |
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letters can occur also in the middle of a proper name, not just as the |
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beginning as we are accustomed to. |
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|
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Even with languages using the same script you have different rules. |
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English uses capital letters in e.g. "a Greek dentist" and "on December |
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21", but an Italian would say "un dentista greco" and "il 21 dicembre". |
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That can only confuse things some more. |
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|
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Mathematics has a different problem. It just can't have enough symbols to |
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represent so many entities. When you need to refer to a constant, to a |
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variable, to an operation, etc. and you want to keep representation |
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concise _and_ you want to avoid ambiguities, your only solution is to use |
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a large number of symbols. So, first you start, out of familiarity, with |
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your own alphabet (e.g. Roman), then you use somebody else's (e.g. |
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Greek), then you start making variations on what you already have: e.g. |
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the "for each" upside-down A quantifier, Roman characters with apices, |
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in italic or in a different font. I haven't counted them, but I think |
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Unicode has more than 1000 or 2000 symbols for mathematics. |
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Mathematics has to use case and other techniques just out of sheer |
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necessity, because otherwise it'd easily fall into ambiguities, which |
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would defy one of its main aims. With most natural languages, on the |
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other hand, ambiguities are allowed - and are quite common indeed - but |
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they're resolved at one level or another anyway and as such don't pose |
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serious risks to communication. |
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> 2. The most widely used computer on the planet that purportedly appeals to |
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> beginning computer users is the Macintosh. Macs *are* case sensitive. |
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I have used Macs many times but never noticed that. Surprising. I suppose |
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that's because most Mac users never specify filenames with the keyboard, |
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they just point and click. |
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> The UNIX and Mac users typically stated a variation of the following with |
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> regards to the second question: "Why wouldn't you? We write with case, and |
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> its never caused me trouble before." Often such comments were made with a |
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We Westerners do, but e.g. the Japanese don't. That's one of the many |
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reasons they had many problems getting familiar with the Western concept |
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of typewriter or word processor. |
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-- |
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"I think love lyrics have contributed to the general aura of bad mental |
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health in America." (Frank Zappa) |
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Rudi Chiarito SGML/XML, user interface, i18n Amiga Inc. |
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rudi@×××××.com http://amiga.com/ |
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|
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-- |
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Subscribe/Unsubscribe: open-request@×××××.com |
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Amiga FAQ: http://www.amiga.com/faq.html |
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----- End forwarded message ----- |
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-- |
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Daniel Robbins <drobbins@g.o> |
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President/CEO http://www.gentoo.org |
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Gentoo Technologies, Inc. |