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nightmorph 07/01/13 05:58:31 |
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|
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Modified: metadoc.xml |
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Added: xfce-config.xml |
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Log: |
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new guide: xfce-config guide, bug 161107 |
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|
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Revision Changes Path |
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1.170 xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml |
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|
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file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml?rev=1.170&view=markup |
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plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml?rev=1.170&content-type=text/plain |
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diff : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml?r1=1.169&r2=1.170 |
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|
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Index: metadoc.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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RCS file: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml,v |
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retrieving revision 1.169 |
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retrieving revision 1.170 |
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diff -u -r1.169 -r1.170 |
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--- metadoc.xml 3 Jan 2007 01:21:35 -0000 1.169 |
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+++ metadoc.xml 13 Jan 2007 05:58:31 -0000 1.170 |
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ |
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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-<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml,v 1.169 2007/01/03 01:21:35 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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+<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/metadoc.xml,v 1.170 2007/01/13 05:58:31 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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<!DOCTYPE metadoc SYSTEM "/dtd/metadoc.dtd"> |
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|
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<metadoc lang="en"> |
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-<version>1.96</version> |
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+<version>1.97</version> |
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<members> |
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<lead>neysx</lead> |
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<member>fox2mike</member> |
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@@ -392,6 +392,7 @@ |
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<file id="kernel-config">/doc/en/kernel-config.xml</file> |
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<file id="zsh">/doc/en/zsh.xml</file> |
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<file id="change-chost">/doc/en/change-chost.xml</file> |
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+ <file id="xfce-config">/doc/en/xfce-config.xml</file> |
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</files> |
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<docs> |
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<doc id="name-logo"> |
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@@ -911,6 +912,10 @@ |
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<memberof>desktop_install</memberof> |
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<fileid>fluxbox-config</fileid> |
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</doc> |
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+ <doc id="xfce-config"> |
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+ <memberof>desktop_install</memberof> |
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+ <fileid>xfce-config</fileid> |
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+ </doc> |
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<doc id="vserver-howto"> |
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<memberof>sysadmin_specific</memberof> |
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<fileid>vserver-howto</fileid> |
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|
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|
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|
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1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/xfce-config.xml |
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|
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file : http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xfce-config.xml?rev=1.1&view=markup |
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plain: http://sources.gentoo.org/viewcvs.py/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xfce-config.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain |
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|
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Index: xfce-config.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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|
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<!-- $Header $ --> |
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|
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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|
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<guide link="/doc/en/xfce-config.xml"> |
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|
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<title>The Xfce Configuration Guide</title> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="nightmorph@g.o">Joshua Saddler</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This guide provides an extensive introduction to Xfce, a fast, lightweight, |
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full-featured desktop environment. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1.0</version> |
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<date>2007-01-12</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>The Xfce desktop environment</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<uri link="http://www.xfce.org">Xfce</uri> is a fast, lightweight desktop |
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environment for Unix-like operating systems. It is designed for productivity, |
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and is quite configurable while still adhering to the <uri |
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link="http://www.freedesktop.org">Freedesktop</uri> specifications. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Unlike heavier desktop environments, such as Gnome and KDE, Xfce uses far fewer |
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system resources. Additionally, it offers greater modularity and fewer |
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dependencies; it takes up less space on your hard disk and takes less time to |
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install. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This guide will not only show you how to install and configure a minimal Xfce |
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environment, but will also explore options to create a full-featured desktop in |
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keeping with the Xfce philosophy: light, fast, and modular. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Installing Xfce</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>The basics</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Before we install our fully-functional yet minimal desktop, let's take a moment |
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to review the basic packages we'll be emerging. |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Name</th> |
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<th>Description</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>xfce4</ti> |
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<ti>The base Xfce desktop environment</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>xscreensaver</ti> |
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<ti> |
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A screensaver with powersaving features and the ability to lock the screen |
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for security |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>hal</ti> |
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<ti> |
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A Hardware Abstraction Layer. HAL enables desktop applications to locate and |
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use hardware devices. This makes it easy for you to work with removable |
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media, such as USB sticks and CD/DVD drives. Installing <c>hal</c> will also |
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install <c>dbus</c>, a simple way for applications to talk to each other. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>gamin</ti> |
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<ti> |
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This file alteration monitor keeps track of file changes; it's very handy |
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when used in conjunction with a graphical file browser |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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<p> |
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You're free to install any other packages you wish, but for now, we'll stick |
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with these suggestions for a fast, minimal working environment. Double check |
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your USE flags in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>; you'll probably at least want |
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<c>USE="-gnome"</c> to avoid pulling in unnecessary dependencies. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing Xfce"> |
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# <i>emerge -avt xfce4 xscreensaver hal gamin</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next, add your regular user(s) to the following groups, so that they can take |
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full advantage of <c>hal</c> and be able to mount and use devices such as |
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cameras, CD-ROMs, CD-RWs, and USB sticks: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding users to the hardware groups"> |
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<comment>(Remember to replace username with your actual user)</comment> |
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# <i>gpasswd -a username plugdev,cdrom,cdrw,usb</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next, update your environment variables: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Updating environment variables"> |
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# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now start up <c>hald</c> and add it to the default runlevel: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Starting hald"> |
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# <i>/etc/init.d/hald start</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add hald default</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring Xfce</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Starting Xfce</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now that Xfce is now installed, we'll configure it to be the default desktop |
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environment when we issue the <c>startx</c> command. Exit your root shell and |
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log on as a regular user. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting Xfce as the default desktop environment"> |
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$ <i>echo "exec startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now start your graphical environment by typing <c>startx</c>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Starting Xfce"> |
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$ <i>startx</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Congratulations, and welcome to your new Xfce desktop environment. Go ahead, |
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explore it a bit. Then continue reading to learn how you can configure Xfce to |
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suit your needs. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Program access</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You might notice right-clicking on the desktop shows you the menu of all your |
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applications. It's useful, but your desktop can easily be completely obscured by |
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open windows, making it hard to to launch a new program. So, one of the first |
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things you may wish to do is give yourself a handy application menu on your |
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panel. Right click on this panel, and choose "Add New Item". Scroll through the |
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list of choices and select "Xfce Menu". You can choose where you want it to be |
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displayed on your panel. When clicked, it displays the application/preferences |
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menu, providing a nicely categorized list of your installed programs. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Sessions & startup</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you've installed (or plan to install) popular Gnome or KDE applications such |
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as <c>k3b</c>, <c>nautilus</c>, <c>kmail</c>, <c>evolution</c>, etc. then you |
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should make sure that Xfce launches the appropriate services for these at |
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startup. Navigate to Menu --> Settings --> Sessions & Startup. On the |
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"Advanced" tab, select the appropriate checkbox. This might slightly increase |
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Xfce startup times, but it decreases load times for KDE and Gnome applications. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Xfce has the ability to save your session settings and running programs from the |
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"General" tab in the Sessions & Startup menu. They can be automatically |
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saved when you logout, or Xfce can ask you each time. This feature is |
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particularly useful for undoing configuration mistakes. Accidentally killed a |
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panel? Just select "No" when prompted to save your current session, and the next |
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time you start Xfce, your old desktop is restored. Want to automatically launch |
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your open webbrowser, terminal, and email client the next time you login? Just |
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save your session before logging out. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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You've now got a basic working environment installed and configured. But if |
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you're interested in doing more, then continue reading! |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Additional Applications</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Panel plugins</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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In this chapter, we'll discuss some useful plugins and applications for everyday |
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use within Xfce. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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There are many plugins for the panel available in Portage; see for yourself with |
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<c>emerge --search xfce</c>. Though for the most part their names are self |
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explanatory, a few deserve some attention, as they are quite helpful. To use |
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them, simply <c>emerge</c> them. They'll be added to the list of available items |
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in the "Add New Item" menu. |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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<c>xfce4-mount</c> gives you a handy method of mounting devices listed in |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path> just by clicking your mouse |
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</li> |
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<!-- xfce4-taskbar is integrated into the panel in 4.4; remove when stable --> |
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<li> |
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<c>xfce4-taskbar</c> can replace the windowlist panel entirely. It's |
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useful if you want to conserve screen space (for small monitors), or don't |
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want your desktop cluttered with more than one panel. Add the taskbar to |
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your main panel, and then you can remove the separate windowlist panel by |
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running <c>killall -9 xftaskbar4</c> from an xterm, thus displaying your |
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application launchers, Xfce menu, clock, etc. all on just one panel. |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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<c>xfce4-battery</c> is perfect for laptop users. It displays battery |
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percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, |
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warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power |
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levels. This feature can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when |
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the battery is almost exhausted. |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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<!-- xfce4-minicmd has been superceded by verve in 4.4; remove when stable --> |
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<c>xfce4-minicmd</c> is a small command line embedded into the panel. It's |
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quicker than opening up another terminal when you want to run a command. |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Useful programs</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now let's see about adding some useful yet lightweight applications, in keeping |
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with Xfce's philosophy. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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First, let's replace the plain, boring old <c>xterm</c> with |
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<c>xfce-extra/terminal</c>. <c>Terminal</c> is far more configurable and useful |
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than xterm, and supports Unicode text, pseudo-transparency and accelerated |
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transparency via Xfce's built-in compositor, all out-of-the-box. |
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</p> |
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<!-- Remove the warning about ~arch once 4.4 and terminal go stable --> |
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<note> |
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At the time of writing, <c>Terminal</c> may not be marked stable for your |
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architecture, so you will need to add it to |
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<path>/etc/portage/package.keywords</path> before emerging it. |
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</note> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing a better terminal"> |
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<comment>(Only run this command if you receive a warning about Terminal being masked)</comment> |
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# <i>echo "xfce-extra/terminal" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Otherwise, you can emerge Terminal without any extra steps)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge -av xfce-extra/terminal</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once it's installed, you may want to change the default action of the terminal |
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launcher on your panel to run <path>/usr/bin/Terminal</path> instead. Just |
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right-click the launcher and choose "Properties" to change the command. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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You may want to replace the rather confusing default filemanager, <c>xffm</c>, |
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with one that's more intuitive and helpful. The <c>rox</c> file manager is |
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icon-based and behaves much more like a traditional file manager. If you're |
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looking for something even more minimal, yet still extremely flexible, then try |
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out the <c>gentoo</c> file manager. (The <c>gentoo</c> file manager is not |
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related to the Gentoo Linux distribution.) Both file managers are lightweight |
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and fully configurable, and are only a short <c>emerge</c> away. |
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</p> |
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|
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<!-- Remove the note about masked thunar once 4.4 is stable --> |
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<p> |
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In the future, <c>thunar</c> will replace <c>xffm</c> as Xfce's default file |
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manager, but it is still masked at the time of this writing. However, the most |
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recent versions have been quite useful for daily work, and show great promise. |
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If you're feeling brave, you can try out the release candidates. Please read |
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<uri link="doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=3&chap=3#doc_chap3">Using |
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Masked Packages</uri> to learn how to unmask it and its dependencies. Note that |
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this software is still unfinished. You have been warned! |
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</p> |
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<!-- remove mousepad once 4.4 is stable; right now it's included by default --> |
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<p> |
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Let's install a simple graphical text editor. It's easier to use than |
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<c>gvim</c> or <c>xemacs</c>, and has fewer dependencies. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding a text editor"> |
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# <i>emerge mousepad</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need a full-featured word processor but don't want the bloat of |
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OpenOffice, try emerging <c>abiword</c>. <uri |
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link="http://www.abisource.com">AbiWord</uri> is lighter, faster, and is |
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completely interoperable with industry-standard document types. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding a word processor"> |
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# <i>emerge -avt abiword</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Need a nice email client/newsreader that isn't as demanding as |
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<c>mozilla-thunderbird</c> or <c>evolution</c>? Try <c>sylpheed-claws</c>: |
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</p> |
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<!-- replacement seems to be called claws-mail, but still in ~arch --> |
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<pre caption="Adding an email client"> |
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# <i>emerge -avt sylpheed-claws</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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For your internet chat needs, <c>irssi</c> is an excellent, tiny, incredibly |
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configurable IRC client that runs in your terminal. If you prefer a compact |
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all-in-one client that handles nearly all chat protocols, you may want to |
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<c>emerge gaim</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need movie and music players, look no further than <c>mplayer</c> and |
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<c>audacious</c>. They can play most every media format available quite nicely, |
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and have a wealth of additional plugins available for additional functionality. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Finally, you'll need a webbrowser. Nearly all graphical webbrowsers require more |
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resources than most of your other desktop applications. Still, |
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<c>mozilla-firefox</c> (or <c>mozilla-firefox-bin</c>) is always a good choice. |
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Alternatively, you may find <c>opera</c> to be quite fast. However, <c>opera</c> |
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is not available on as many processor architectures as <c>mozilla-firefox</c>, |
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and it has more dependencies unless you override them with a USE flag. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding a webbrowser"> |
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<comment>(Installing Mozilla Firefox)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge mozilla-firefox</i> |
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<comment>(Installing Opera)</comment> |
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# <i>echo "www-client/opera qt-static" >> /etc/portage/package.use</i> |
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# <i>emerge opera</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now that we've explored some good suggestions for rounding out your desktop |
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applications, let's see what else we can do to enhance your Xfce experience. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Graphical login</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Remember when we added <c>startxfce4</c> to our <path>~/.xinitrc</path>? All you |
468 |
have to do to get into your desktop is type <c>startx</c> after logging in. This |
469 |
is fine if you prefer a completely text-based boot and login, but let's use a |
470 |
display manager that will automatically start Xfce after booting (so that you |
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can login graphically). |
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</p> |
473 |
|
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<p> |
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First, let's make sure Xfce loads at boot: |
476 |
</p> |
477 |
|
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<pre caption="Adding xdm to the default runlevel"> |
479 |
# <i>rc-update add xdm default</i> |
480 |
</pre> |
481 |
|
482 |
<p> |
483 |
We aren't quite finished yet. We have to pick a display manager and set the |
484 |
appropriate variable. Though there are a few choices available in Portage, for |
485 |
this guide, we'll stick with two display manager options: <c>xdm</c> and |
486 |
<c>gdm</c>. |
487 |
</p> |
488 |
|
489 |
<p> |
490 |
<c>xdm</c> is speedy and lightweight, but it isn't pretty, and isn't really |
491 |
customizable. If you'd like to use it, first <c>emerge</c> it: |
492 |
</p> |
493 |
|
494 |
<pre caption="Installing XDM"> |
495 |
# <i>emerge -avt xdm</i> |
496 |
</pre> |
497 |
|
498 |
<p> |
499 |
Then edit the DISPLAYMANAGER variable in <path>/etc/conf.d/xdm</path>: |
500 |
</p> |
501 |
|
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<pre caption="Editing /etc/conf.d/xdm"> |
503 |
DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm" |
504 |
</pre> |
505 |
|
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<p> |
507 |
While you can choose to stick with (the rather ugly) <c>xdm</c>, why not try |
508 |
<c>gdm</c> instead? It's far more configurable, and much, much prettier. First, |
509 |
let's <c>emerge</c> it. Note that though it has a few dependencies, they're |
510 |
small, and they're not as nearly as numerous as other display managers. |
511 |
</p> |
512 |
|
513 |
<pre caption="Installing GDM"> |
514 |
# <i>emerge -avt gdm</i> |
515 |
</pre> |
516 |
|
517 |
<p> |
518 |
Next, change the DISPLAYMANAGER variable to use <c>gdm</c> instead of |
519 |
<c>xdm</c>: |
520 |
</p> |
521 |
|
522 |
<pre caption="Editing /etc/conf.d/xdm"> |
523 |
DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm" |
524 |
</pre> |
525 |
|
526 |
</body> |
527 |
</section> |
528 |
<section> |
529 |
<title>Beautifying your desktop</title> |
530 |
<body> |
531 |
|
532 |
<p> |
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A little customization of your desktop's appearance can go a long way. Xfce has |
534 |
all the options you'd expect from a modern desktop environment, font |
535 |
antialiasing settings, color schemes, dozens of window decorations, themes, and |
536 |
more. If these aren't enough, it's easy to install third-party themes, icon |
537 |
sets, mouse cursor themes, and wallpapers. |
538 |
</p> |
539 |
|
540 |
<p> |
541 |
A selection of nice Gentoo wallpapers in a variety of resolutions are hosted on |
542 |
the <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/graphics.xml">Gentoo website</uri>. |
543 |
If you're looking for icon sets and complete Xfce themes, <uri |
544 |
link="http://www.xfce-look.org/">Xfce-Look</uri> has a huge collection. The |
545 |
important thing to remember about any third-party eyecandy you download is that |
546 |
it will usually first need to be unpacked and then installed to the proper |
547 |
directory. Icon sets go in <path>/usr/share/icons/</path>, and themes go to |
548 |
<path>/usr/share/themes/</path>. |
549 |
</p> |
550 |
|
551 |
<p> |
552 |
If you installed GDM as your display manager, take a look at the many GDM themes |
553 |
available on <uri link="http://www.gnome-look.org">Gnome-Look</uri>. To install |
554 |
them, you can either unpack and move them to |
555 |
<path>/usr/share/gdm/themes/</path> on the command line, or you can run |
556 |
<c>gdmsetup</c> as <b>root</b> and drag'n'drop the archive into the GDM window. |
557 |
There are some <uri |
558 |
link="http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=45575">very nice</uri> |
559 |
Gentoo <uri |
560 |
link="http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=20071">themes</uri> |
561 |
available. |
562 |
</p> |
563 |
|
564 |
<p> |
565 |
Finally, Xfce has its own built-in compositor to manage window transparency. |
566 |
This option can be found in Menu --> Settings --> Window Manager. For best |
567 |
performance, you will need to be running a graphics card with drivers that |
568 |
support hardware-accelerated rendering, and you will need to enable |
569 |
compositing in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by adding the following section: |
570 |
</p> |
571 |
|
572 |
<pre caption="Enabling composite in xorg.conf"> |
573 |
Section "Extensions" |
574 |
Option "Composite" "Enable" |
575 |
EndSection |
576 |
</pre> |
577 |
|
578 |
<p> |
579 |
This is the bare minimum configuration required for Xfce and Xorg-X11. However, |
580 |
setting up hardware-accelerated rendering depends on your individual graphics |
581 |
card, and is beyond the scope of this guide. Please see the other guides in the |
582 |
<uri link="/doc/en/index.xml?catid=desktop">Desktop Documentation |
583 |
Resources</uri> list to learn about configuring hardware-accelerated rendering |
584 |
for your graphics card. |
585 |
</p> |
586 |
|
587 |
</body> |
588 |
</section> |
589 |
</chapter> |
590 |
|
591 |
<chapter> |
592 |
<title>Summary</title> |
593 |
<section> |
594 |
<body> |
595 |
|
596 |
<p> |
597 |
Congratulations on making it this far! You've installed and configured a speedy |
598 |
desktop environment with a solid suite of applications for your computing |
599 |
needs. |
600 |
</p> |
601 |
|
602 |
</body> |
603 |
</section> |
604 |
<section> |
605 |
<title>Resources</title> |
606 |
<body> |
607 |
|
608 |
<p> |
609 |
Need additional help on configuring and using Xfce? Need more lightweight |
610 |
application suggestions? Try asking the folks in: |
611 |
</p> |
612 |
|
613 |
<ul> |
614 |
<li><uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org">The Gentoo forums</uri></li> |
615 |
<li>#xfce on irc.freenode.net</li> |
616 |
</ul> |
617 |
|
618 |
<p> |
619 |
Finally, Gentoo's Xfce team is responsible for making Xfce available in Portage. |
620 |
Send comments, thanks, and suggestions to <mail>xfce@g.o</mail>. |
621 |
</p> |
622 |
|
623 |
</body> |
624 |
</section> |
625 |
</chapter> |
626 |
</guide> |
627 |
|
628 |
|
629 |
|
630 |
-- |
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gentoo-doc-cvs@g.o mailing list |