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jkt 05/12/08 19:21:13 |
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Added: xml/htdocs/doc/en gcc-upgrading.xml |
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Log: |
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New generic GCC upgrading guide, replacement of gentoo/xml/htdocs/proj/en/base/x86/gcc-upgrading-guide.xml |
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Revision Changes Path |
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1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml |
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|
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file : http://www.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup&cvsroot=gentoo |
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plain: http://www.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=gentoo |
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Index: gcc-upgrading.xml |
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=================================================================== |
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml,v 1.1 2005/12/08 19:21:13 jkt Exp $ --> |
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|
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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|
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<guide link="/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux GCC Upgrade Guide</title> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="amne@g.o">Wernfried Haas</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="jkt@g.o">Jan Kundrát</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="halcy0n@g.o">Mark Loeser</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="wolf31o2@g.o">Chris Gianelloni</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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|
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<abstract> |
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This document will guide the user through the process of upgrading GCC on their |
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Gentoo Linux machines. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1</version> |
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<date>2005-12-08</date> |
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|
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<chapter id="intro"> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>GCC Upgrading</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Why should you upgrade? Well, GCC is quite similar to any other package on your |
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system, just a bit more critical. You should upgrade GCC whenever a new version |
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fixes some bug that annoys you, new functionality you need is introduced, or if |
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you want to keep your system up-to-date. If none of the previous cases apply to |
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you, you can safely postpone upgrade as long as your GCC version is supported by |
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Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you install a newer version of GCC, the system will not switch over to use it |
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automatically. You'll have to explicitly request the change because the |
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migration process might require some additional steps. If you decide not to |
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switch, Portage will continue to use older version of your compiler until you |
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change your mind, or remove the old compiler from the system. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This guide will document the necessary steps required to perform a seamless |
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upgrade of the compiler used by your Gentoo box. A specific section is dedicated |
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to the <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4">upgrade from GCC 3.3 to the 3.4 |
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version</uri> and issues with <c>libstdc++</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter id="upgrade-general"> |
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<title>General Upgrade Instructions</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you're looking for instructions specific to upgrades from GCC-3.3 to |
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GCC-3.4, please consult the <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4">dedicated |
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section</uri>. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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Generally speaking, upgrades to <e>bug fix releases</e>, like from 3.3.5 to |
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3.3.6, should be quite safe -- just emerge new version, switch your system to |
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use it and rebuild the only affected package, <c>libtool</c>. However, some GCC |
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upgrades break binary compatibility; in such cases a rebuild of the affected |
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packages (or even whole toolchain and system) might be required. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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When we spoke about the need to switch your compiler to the newer version by |
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hand, we said it won't happen automatically. However, there is one exception -- |
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upgrades to bug fix releases, like from 3.3.5 to 3.3.6 in case you don't use the |
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"multislot" feature allowing them to coexist on one system. Multislot is |
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disabled by default as the majority of users won't benefit from it. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Upgrading GCC"> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Please substitute "i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.4" with the GCC |
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version and CHOST settings you've upgraded to:)</comment> |
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# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.4</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now let's rebuild toolchain and then world so we will make use of the new |
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compiler. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Rebuilding system"> |
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# <i>emerge -eav system</i> |
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# <i>emerge -eav world</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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It is safe to remove older GCC version at this time. If you feel the |
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need, please issue the following command (as usual, substitute |
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<c>=sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</c> with the version you want to uninstall): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Removing older GCC version"> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4"> |
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<title>Upgrading from GCC-3.3 to 3.4</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The upgrade from GCC/3.3 to 3.4 is not so seamless as the C++ ABI changed |
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between these two versions so there is an issue with <c>libstdc++</c> library |
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which must be taken care of as well. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-choices"> |
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<title>The Choices</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You have two possibilities on how to upgrade your system. <uri |
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link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-revdep-rebuild">First method</uri> is faster and |
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requires use of <c>revdep-rebuild</c> tool from package <c>gentoolkit</c> while |
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the <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e">second one</uri> rebuilds the |
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entire system from scratch so it will make use of new GCC features. It's up to |
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you to decide which of these two ways you will choose. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-revdep-rebuild"> |
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<title>Using revdep-rebuild</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This method requires that you first install <c>gentoolkit</c> if you have not |
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already done so. Then we will upgrade GCC and switch to the new compiler. We |
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will also rebuild the <c>libtool</c> package to ensurethat toolchain is in |
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healthy state. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing gentoolkit and upgrading GCC"> |
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# <i>emerge -an gentoolkit</i> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.4</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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This assumes that you have <c>CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"</c> set. If you are |
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using another CHOST, please use the appropriate gcc-config line. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now, we want to see which packages that revdep-rebuild will want to rebuild. |
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Then we will tell revdep-rebuild to actually rebuild the packages. This may take |
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some time, so have some patience. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Using revdep-rebuild"> |
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# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5 -- -p -v</i> |
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# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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It is possible that you might have problems with non-existing package versions |
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due to them being outdated or masked. If this is the case, you will want to use |
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the <c>--package-names</c> option to <c>revdep-rebuild</c>. This causes packages |
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to be recompiled based on the package name, rather than the exact name and |
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version. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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To provide compatibility with older binary C++ applications and any packages |
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that revdep-rebuild might have missed, <c>sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> needs to be |
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merged before you unmerge GCC 3.3 from your system. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing libstdc++-v3 and cleaning up"> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</i> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e"> |
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<title>Using emerge -e</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This method, while much slower, will rebuild your whole system to ensure that |
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everything has been rebuilt with your new compiler, and therefore safer. At |
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first, you will upgrade GCC and libtool and switch to your new compiler. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Upgrading GCC"> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.4</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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This assumes that you have <c>CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"</c> set. If you are |
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using another CHOST, please use the appropriate gcc-config line. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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To provide compatibility with older binary C++ applications, |
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<c>sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> needs to be merged onto your system. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing libstdc++-v3"> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now we will go about first rebuilding the system target, then the world target. |
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This will take a very long time, depending on the number of packages that you |
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have installed, as it will rebuild your entire toolchain and supporting system |
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files, followed by every package on your system, including the toolchain. This |
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is necessary to ensure that all packages have been compiled with the new |
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toolchain, including the toolchain itself. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Rebuilding system and world"> |
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# <i>emerge -e system</i> |
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# <i>emerge -e world</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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It is also safe to remove older GCC versions at this time: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Cleaning up"> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter id="common-pittfalls"> |
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<title>Common Pittfalls</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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It's important to disable <c>distcc</c> during upgrade. Mixing compiler versions |
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on your nodes <e>will</e> cause build issues. This is not required for ccache, |
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as the cache objects will be invalidated anyway. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Always use same GCC version for your kernel and additional kernel modules. Once |
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you rebuild your world with new GCC, external modules (like |
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<c>app-emulation/qemu-softmmu</c>) will fail to load. Please rebuild your kernel |
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with new GCC to fix that. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Frequent Error Messages</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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If your system complains about something like <e>libtool: link: |
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`/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.3.6/libstdc++.la' is not a valid libtool |
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archive</e>, please run <c>/sbin/fix_libtool_files.sh 3.3.6</c> (substitute |
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"3.3.6" with the version numbers from the error message). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you see the <e>error: /usr/bin/gcc-config: line 632: |
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/etc/env.d/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.3.5: No such file or directory</e>, then try |
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deleting <path>/etc/env.d/gcc/config-i686-pc-linux-gnu</path> and running |
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<c>gcc-config</c> again, followed by <c>source /etc/profile</c>. Only do this if |
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you do not have any cross-compilers set up, though. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If a package fails during <c>emerge -e system/world</c>, you can resume |
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operation with <c>emerge --resume</c>. If a package fails repeatedly, skip it |
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with <c>emerge --resume --skipfirst</c>. Don't run any other instances of emerge |
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in between or you will lose the resume information. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you get an error message <e>spec failure: unrecognized spec option</e> while |
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upgrading your compiler, try to switch back to your default compiler, unset the |
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<c>GCC_SPECS</c> variable and upgrade GCC again: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Restoring primary specs"> |
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# <i>gcc-config 1</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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# <i>unset GCC_SPECS</i> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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|
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</chapter> |
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</guide> |
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|
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|
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|
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-- |
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